“Ising model”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Ising model

Physics

A simplified model of a magnetic system that can be interpreted as consisting of an array of magnetic spins. Spins may have one of two values, and interactions occur with nearest neighbours. There are also random thermal fluctuations depending on the temperature of the system. At low temperatures there is a net magnetization as a result of alignment of spins. At high temperatures there is no net magnetization. The model was first proposed by the German physicist Ernst Ising (1900–98), who studied the one-dimensional case in 1924. The two-dimensional case for a square lattice was solved exactly by Lars Onsager in 1944. Only approximate solutions have been found for the three-dimensional Ising model, although it is not difficult to prove that a phase transition occurs. The Ising model is very important in statistical mechanics and can be used to investigate other types of phase transition apart from ferromagnetism.

Statistics

A model originated by the German physicist Ernst Ising to predict the behaviour of a simple magnet. The model regards the magnet as consisting of a lattice of locations, each of which is either in the + state or in the−state. The state of a location is affected by random fluctuations in the energy levels of the location itself and, crucially, its neighbours. Similar ideas underlie Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The Potts model is the extension in which more than two states are possible.

Chemistry

A model for magnetic systems in which atomic spins have to be aligned either parallel or antiparallel to a given direction. The Ising model was introduced, and solved in the case of one dimension, by Ernst Ising (1900–98) in 1925. Ising found that in one dimension, in the absence of an external magnetic field, there is no spontaneous magnetization at any temperature above absolute zero. The study of phase transitions in the Ising model in dimensions greater than one has been very important to the general understanding of phase transitions. In two dimensions, the Ising model was first solved exactly by Lars Onsager (1903–76) in 1944. In three dimensions, approximation techniques have to be used.

单词	Ising model
释义	Ising model Physics A simplified model of a magnetic system that can be interpreted as consisting of an array of magnetic spins. Spins may have one of two values, and interactions occur with nearest neighbours. There are also random thermal fluctuations depending on the temperature of the system. At low temperatures there is a net magnetization as a result of alignment of spins. At high temperatures there is no net magnetization. The model was first proposed by the German physicist Ernst Ising (1900–98), who studied the one-dimensional case in 1924. The two-dimensional case for a square lattice was solved exactly by Lars Onsager in 1944. Only approximate solutions have been found for the three-dimensional Ising model, although it is not difficult to prove that a phase transition occurs. The Ising model is very important in statistical mechanics and can be used to investigate other types of phase transition apart from ferromagnetism. Statistics A model originated by the German physicist Ernst Ising to predict the behaviour of a simple magnet. The model regards the magnet as consisting of a lattice of locations, each of which is either in the + state or in the−state. The state of a location is affected by random fluctuations in the energy levels of the location itself and, crucially, its neighbours. Similar ideas underlie Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The Potts model is the extension in which more than two states are possible. Chemistry A model for magnetic systems in which atomic spins have to be aligned either parallel or antiparallel to a given direction. The Ising model was introduced, and solved in the case of one dimension, by Ernst Ising (1900–98) in 1925. Ising found that in one dimension, in the absence of an external magnetic field, there is no spontaneous magnetization at any temperature above absolute zero. The study of phase transitions in the Ising model in dimensions greater than one has been very important to the general understanding of phase transitions. In two dimensions, the Ising model was first solved exactly by Lars Onsager (1903–76) in 1944. In three dimensions, approximation techniques have to be used.
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