“interference”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

interference

Physics

The interaction of two or more wave motions affecting the same part of a medium so that the instantaneous disturbances in the resultant wave are the vector sum of the instantaneous disturbances in the interfering waves.

The phenomenon was first described by Thomas Young in 1801 in light waves; it provided strong evidence for the wave theory of light. In the apparatus known as Young’s slits, light is passed from a small source through a slit in a screen and the light emerging from this slit is used to illuminate two adjacent slits on a second screen. By allowing the light from these two slits to fall on a third screen, a series of parallel interference fringes is formed. Where the maximum values of the two waves from the slits coincide a bright fringe occurs (constructive interference) and where the maxima of one wave coincide with the minima of the other dark fringes are produced (destructive interference). (In Young’s original experiment, two pinholes were used rather than slits). Newton’s rings are also an interference effect. Because lasers produce coherent radiation they are also used to produce interference effects, one application of their use being holography. See also interferometer.

Astronomy

1. A phenomenon in which two or more sets of electromagnetic waves may combine so as to increase their total amplitude at a given point (constructive interference), or decrease it (destructive interference), thereby forming an interference pattern. For interference to occur, the waves must be coherent (i.e. the crests and troughs must be in step with each other). Constructive interference occurs where the crests coincide with each other, and destructive interference where crests coincide with troughs.

2. Unwanted radio signals received by a radio telescope that originate in human activity rather than natural phenomena.

Electronics and Electrical Engineering

A disturbance to the signal in any communication system caused by unwanted signals. A common cause of interference in radio reception is the operation of electrical machinery and apparatus, particularly commutating machines and apparatus containing gas-discharge tubes. Television signals frequently suffer serious interference from motor-vehicle ignition systems.
Man-made interference, such as that described above, can usually be eliminated by fitting special devices (suppressors) to the offending apparatus, but interference arising from natural causes, such as changes in the atmosphere, is not easily prevented. In modern radio systems, a significant amount of interference is also caused by other users of the same radio system, when the technique of frequency re-use is involved. This is known as cochannel interference.

Geology and Earth Sciences

The combination of waves. Constructive interference occurs when peaks add to peaks; destructive interference occurs when a peak coincides with and cancels out a trough.

单词	interference
释义	interference Physics The interaction of two or more wave motions affecting the same part of a medium so that the instantaneous disturbances in the resultant wave are the vector sum of the instantaneous disturbances in the interfering waves. The phenomenon was first described by Thomas Young in 1801 in light waves; it provided strong evidence for the wave theory of light. In the apparatus known as Young’s slits, light is passed from a small source through a slit in a screen and the light emerging from this slit is used to illuminate two adjacent slits on a second screen. By allowing the light from these two slits to fall on a third screen, a series of parallel interference fringes is formed. Where the maximum values of the two waves from the slits coincide a bright fringe occurs (constructive interference) and where the maxima of one wave coincide with the minima of the other dark fringes are produced (destructive interference). (In Young’s original experiment, two pinholes were used rather than slits). Newton’s rings are also an interference effect. Because lasers produce coherent radiation they are also used to produce interference effects, one application of their use being holography. See also interferometer. Astronomy 1. A phenomenon in which two or more sets of electromagnetic waves may combine so as to increase their total amplitude at a given point (constructive interference), or decrease it (destructive interference), thereby forming an interference pattern. For interference to occur, the waves must be coherent (i.e. the crests and troughs must be in step with each other). Constructive interference occurs where the crests coincide with each other, and destructive interference where crests coincide with troughs. 2. Unwanted radio signals received by a radio telescope that originate in human activity rather than natural phenomena. Electronics and Electrical Engineering A disturbance to the signal in any communication system caused by unwanted signals. A common cause of interference in radio reception is the operation of electrical machinery and apparatus, particularly commutating machines and apparatus containing gas-discharge tubes. Television signals frequently suffer serious interference from motor-vehicle ignition systems. Man-made interference, such as that described above, can usually be eliminated by fitting special devices (suppressors) to the offending apparatus, but interference arising from natural causes, such as changes in the atmosphere, is not easily prevented. In modern radio systems, a significant amount of interference is also caused by other users of the same radio system, when the technique of frequency re-use is involved. This is known as cochannel interference. Geology and Earth Sciences The combination of waves. Constructive interference occurs when peaks add to peaks; destructive interference occurs when a peak coincides with and cancels out a trough.
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