Conventionally, political authority exercised by a state over a given territory. Steinberg (2009) AAAG 99, 3, 467 is among several commentators who argue that ‘although the concepts of sovereignty and territoriality frequently are used interchangeably in discussions of the modern polity, the two terms in fact reflect different organizing principles that can exist independent of each other’. Domestic sovereignty includes both authority and control but only within a state, while international legal sovereignty concerns the authority (government) of the state as recognized by other sovereign states. This legal personality can survive territorial and internal changes. Westphalian sovereignty implies the territorial organization of the state as an inviolate realm, free from intervention by other states, while interdependent sovereignty relates wholly to the state’s control of its borders and its exposure to external influences. ‘Sovereignty in the modern era of multi-tiered governance is often murky and shifting’ (Rodden (2004) PSOnline, on fiscal sovereignty). Ong (2000) Theory, Cult. & Soc. 17, 4 defines graduated sovereignty as the state’s differential treatment of the population based on ethno-racial differences and the dictates of developmental programmes; see also Park (2005) Pol. Geog. 24, 7.