“humus”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

humus

Biology

The dark-coloured amorphous colloidal material that constitutes the organic component of soil. It is formed by the decomposition of plant and animal remains and excrement (see litter) and has a complex and variable chemical composition. Being a colloid, it can hold water and therefore improves the water-retaining properties of soil; it also enhances soil fertility and workability. Acidic humus (mor) is found in regions of coniferous forest, where the decay is brought about mainly by fungi. Alkaline humus (mull) is typically found in grassland and deciduous forest: it supports an abundance of microorganisms and small animals (e.g. earthworms).

Geology and Earth Sciences

1. Decomposed organic matter in soils that are aerobic for part of the year. It is dark brown and amorphous, having lost all trace of the structure and composition of the vegetable and animal matter from which it was derived.
2. Surface organic soil horizon that may be divided into types: mor (acid and layered) or mull (alkaline and decomposed). It is now known as a ‘histic epipedon’.

Geography

A naturally occurring complex combination of substances resultant of the extensive biochemical breakdown of plant and animal residues (Yadav and Malenson (2007) PPG 31, 1). This breakdown is humification—the process whereby the simple mineral compounds released by weathering combine with the organic residues to form large, stable organic molecules which bond the soil; see J.-M. Gobat et al. (2004). Humus can form relatively stable complexes and chelates with polyvalent cations, thus increasing assimilation by plants (D. Alexander and R. W. Fairbridge 1999).

单词	humus
释义	humus Biology The dark-coloured amorphous colloidal material that constitutes the organic component of soil. It is formed by the decomposition of plant and animal remains and excrement (see litter) and has a complex and variable chemical composition. Being a colloid, it can hold water and therefore improves the water-retaining properties of soil; it also enhances soil fertility and workability. Acidic humus (mor) is found in regions of coniferous forest, where the decay is brought about mainly by fungi. Alkaline humus (mull) is typically found in grassland and deciduous forest: it supports an abundance of microorganisms and small animals (e.g. earthworms). Geology and Earth Sciences 1. Decomposed organic matter in soils that are aerobic for part of the year. It is dark brown and amorphous, having lost all trace of the structure and composition of the vegetable and animal matter from which it was derived. 2. Surface organic soil horizon that may be divided into types: mor (acid and layered) or mull (alkaline and decomposed). It is now known as a ‘histic epipedon’. Geography A naturally occurring complex combination of substances resultant of the extensive biochemical breakdown of plant and animal residues (Yadav and Malenson (2007) PPG 31, 1). This breakdown is humification—the process whereby the simple mineral compounds released by weathering combine with the organic residues to form large, stable organic molecules which bond the soil; see J.-M. Gobat et al. (2004). Humus can form relatively stable complexes and chelates with polyvalent cations, thus increasing assimilation by plants (D. Alexander and R. W. Fairbridge 1999).
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