A biological, chemical, or physical agent or situation that is reasonably likely, or has the potential, to cause illness or injury to humans, damage to property, damage to the environment, or some combination of these if it is not controlled. The product of the consequence and frequency of that situation occurring, hazards are associated with fire and explosion, pollution, chemical reactions, toxicity, mechanical failure, corrosion, and nuclear radiation. Hazards may arise due to the relaxation of management control, fatigue, carelessness, boredom and complacency, a loss or changes in operational knowledge, ageing and poorly maintained equipment, design modifications, and the abuse of trips. Hazards can be controlled through elimination, control of containment, and the controlled reduction in the likelihood or frequency and effect. They may be reduced through design standards, control of work, inspection, maintenance, safety reviews, control of ignition (p. 176) sources, use of detection devices, fireproofing, and effective operational and emergency response procedures.