A Russian space complex created in 1996 by a Russian presidential decree. It combined the TsSKB Central Specialized Design Bureau and the Progress production plant, each of which had primary roles in the Soviet and Russian space programmes for more than 40 years. In 1959, the OKB-1 design bureau (now the Energiya Rocket and Space Complex) was established at Samara (known as Kuibyshev between 1935 and 1991). Also located in Samara is the European–Russian organization Starsem, established in 1966.