The remnant of the English Long Parliament, which continued to sit after Pride’s Purge (1648). In 1649 it ordered Charles I’s execution, abolished both monarchy and House of Lords, and established the Commonwealth. Its members were mostly gentlemen, motivated by self-interest, and its policies were generally unpopular. Oliver Cromwell expelled the Rump in April 1653. Six years later it was recalled to mark the end of the Protectorate; in 1660 the members excluded by Pride were readmitted, and the Long Parliament dissolved itself in preparation for the Restoration of the monarchy.