“geostrophic wind”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

geostrophic wind

Geology and Earth Sciences

The wind blowing above the planetary boundary layer that, by its strength and direction, represents the balance between the pressure-gradient force, acting directly from the region of higher pressure towards the region of lower pressure, and the Coriolis effect (CorF), deflecting moving air to the right (in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere). When these are in balance the wind flows parallel to the isobars (see buys ballot’s law). Air is also subject to a centrifugal force, owing to the curvature of the air’s path around a centre of low or high pressure. In the boundary layer, air experiences friction with the surface, slowing it, thereby reducing the CorF and causing it to flow across the isobars, at an angle of 10–20° over the sea and 25–35° over land (where friction is greater). See also gradient wind.

Geography

A theoretical wind, occurring when the pressure gradient force equals the opposing Coriolis force (assuming straight/nearly straight isobars; when the isobars are strongly curved, the effect of centrifugal force should be added). The net result is a wind blowing parallel to the isobars. Except in low latitudes, where the Coriolis force is minimal, the actual wind has the same direction as the geostrophic wind. See Danard (1989) Monthly Weather Rev. 117, 6 on calculating the surface geostrophic wind in a local area.
Supergeostrophic flow describes winds faster than the expected geostrophic wind, and occurs at a jet entry; see Cunningham and Keyser (1999) Qly. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 125. Subgeostrophic flow describes winds slower than the expected geostrophic wind, occurring when air rotates counterclockwise around a low.

单词	geostrophic wind
释义	geostrophic wind Geology and Earth Sciences The wind blowing above the planetary boundary layer that, by its strength and direction, represents the balance between the pressure-gradient force, acting directly from the region of higher pressure towards the region of lower pressure, and the Coriolis effect (CorF), deflecting moving air to the right (in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere). When these are in balance the wind flows parallel to the isobars (see buys ballot’s law). Air is also subject to a centrifugal force, owing to the curvature of the air’s path around a centre of low or high pressure. In the boundary layer, air experiences friction with the surface, slowing it, thereby reducing the CorF and causing it to flow across the isobars, at an angle of 10–20° over the sea and 25–35° over land (where friction is greater). See also gradient wind. Geography A theoretical wind, occurring when the pressure gradient force equals the opposing Coriolis force (assuming straight/nearly straight isobars; when the isobars are strongly curved, the effect of centrifugal force should be added). The net result is a wind blowing parallel to the isobars. Except in low latitudes, where the Coriolis force is minimal, the actual wind has the same direction as the geostrophic wind. See Danard (1989) Monthly Weather Rev. 117, 6 on calculating the surface geostrophic wind in a local area. Supergeostrophic flow describes winds faster than the expected geostrophic wind, and occurs at a jet entry; see Cunningham and Keyser (1999) Qly. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 125. Subgeostrophic flow describes winds slower than the expected geostrophic wind, occurring when air rotates counterclockwise around a low.
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