“reliability”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

reliability

Mathematics

The sampling variance of a statistic. For example, the reliability of

${\bar{X}}_{n} = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{k = 1}^{n} X_{k}$

is σ‎²/n where σ‎² = Var (X), so, as the sample size increases, ${\bar{X}}_{n}$ becomes a better estimator in the sense that the variability decreases.

Statistics

A measure of the confidence that we can have in the results obtained from a psychological test. A key question is whether the variability in the scores obtained by different individuals is due to real differences between the individuals or to chance variations resulting from inadequacies in the testing process. The ratio $reliability$ is the reliability index and its square root is the reliability coefficient. The true scores are unknown, but the coefficient can be estimated by using repeat tests. Suppose n individuals are given k similar tests. Let x_m be the total score obtained by individual m over the k tests and let x̄ and s² be the mean and variance, respectively, of x₁, x₂,…, x_n. If each test consists of a single question for which an answer is either correct or incorrect, then let p_j represent the proportion of correct answers to question j. Alternatively, if a variety of scores are possible on test j, let s²_j be the variance of those obtained. An approximation to the reliability coefficient is provided by Cronbach’s alpha, given by $reliability$ and other approximations are provided by the Kuder–Richardson formulae KR₂₀ and KR₂₁ (named after the equation numbers in Kuder and Richardson's 1937 paper): $reliability$ An alternative approach is the split-half method, in which each test provides two scores (for example, the score on the even questions and the score on the corresponding odd questions). Let r be the correlation coefficient between the scores obtained on the odd questions and the scores obtained on the even questions. The Spearman–Brown formula measures the reliability as $reliability$
See also test-retest reliability.

Chemical Engineering

The statistical chance of a system, process, item of equipment, performing its intended purpose or function without failure or within required levels of performance.

Computer

1. The ability of a computer system to perform its required functions for a given period of time. It is often quoted in terms of percentage of uptime, but may be more usefully expressed as MTBF (mean time between failures). See also hardware reliability, repair time.
2. (of software) See software reliability.

Internet

The ability of a network to deliver particular service levels and its ability to be error-free.

Electronics and Electrical Engineering

The ability of any device, component, or circuit to perform a required function under stated conditions for a stated period of time. This may be expressed as a probability. (‘Time’ may be considered as distance, cycles, or other appropriate units.) Reliability characteristics are those quantities used to express reliability in numerical terms. Electronic items are usually approached from the viewpoint of failure, because of their extremely high reliability.

单词	reliability
释义	reliability Mathematics The sampling variance of a statistic. For example, the reliability of ${\bar{X}}_{n} = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{k = 1}^{n} X_{k}$ is σ‎²/n where σ‎² = Var (X), so, as the sample size increases, ${\bar{X}}_{n}$ becomes a better estimator in the sense that the variability decreases. Statistics A measure of the confidence that we can have in the results obtained from a psychological test. A key question is whether the variability in the scores obtained by different individuals is due to real differences between the individuals or to chance variations resulting from inadequacies in the testing process. The ratio $reliability$ is the reliability index and its square root is the reliability coefficient. The true scores are unknown, but the coefficient can be estimated by using repeat tests. Suppose n individuals are given k similar tests. Let x_m be the total score obtained by individual m over the k tests and let x̄ and s² be the mean and variance, respectively, of x₁, x₂,…, x_n. If each test consists of a single question for which an answer is either correct or incorrect, then let p_j represent the proportion of correct answers to question j. Alternatively, if a variety of scores are possible on test j, let s²_j be the variance of those obtained. An approximation to the reliability coefficient is provided by Cronbach’s alpha, given by $reliability$ and other approximations are provided by the Kuder–Richardson formulae KR₂₀ and KR₂₁ (named after the equation numbers in Kuder and Richardson's 1937 paper): $reliability$ An alternative approach is the split-half method, in which each test provides two scores (for example, the score on the even questions and the score on the corresponding odd questions). Let r be the correlation coefficient between the scores obtained on the odd questions and the scores obtained on the even questions. The Spearman–Brown formula measures the reliability as $reliability$ See also test-retest reliability. Chemical Engineering The statistical chance of a system, process, item of equipment, performing its intended purpose or function without failure or within required levels of performance. Computer 1. The ability of a computer system to perform its required functions for a given period of time. It is often quoted in terms of percentage of uptime, but may be more usefully expressed as MTBF (mean time between failures). See also hardware reliability, repair time. 2. (of software) See software reliability. Internet The ability of a network to deliver particular service levels and its ability to be error-free. Electronics and Electrical Engineering The ability of any device, component, or circuit to perform a required function under stated conditions for a stated period of time. This may be expressed as a probability. (‘Time’ may be considered as distance, cycles, or other appropriate units.) Reliability characteristics are those quantities used to express reliability in numerical terms. Electronic items are usually approached from the viewpoint of failure, because of their extremely high reliability.
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