“free energy”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

free energy

Physics

A measure of a system’s ability to do work. The Gibbs free energy (or Gibbs function), G, is defined by G=H−TS, where G is the energy liberated or absorbed in a reversible process at constant pressure and constant temperature (T), H is the enthalpy, and S the entropy of the system. Changes in Gibbs free energy, Δ‎G, are useful in indicating the conditions under which a chemical reaction will occur. If Δ‎G is positive the reaction will only occur if energy is supplied to force it away from the equilibrium position (i.e. when Δ‎G=0). If Δ‎G is negative the reaction will proceed spontaneously to equilibrium. It is named after Josiah Willard Gibbs.

The Helmholtz free energy (or Helmholtz function), F, is defined by F=U − TS, where U is the internal energy. For a reversible isothermal process, Δ‎F represents the useful work available. It is named after H. L. F. von Helmholtz.

Chemistry

A measure of a system’s ability to do work. The Gibbs free energy (or Gibbs function), G, is defined by G = H – TS, where G is the energy liberated or absorbed in a reversible process at constant pressure and constant temperature (T), H is the enthalpy and S the entropy of the system. Changes in Gibbs free energy, Δ‎G, are useful in indicating the conditions under which a chemical reaction will occur. If Δ‎G is positive the reaction will only occur if energy is supplied to force it away from the equilibrium position (i.e. when Δ‎G = 0). If Δ‎G is negative the reaction will proceed spontaneously to equilibrium.
The Helmholtz free energy (or Helmholtz function), F, is defined by F = U – TS, where U is the internal energy. For a reversible isothermal process, Δ‎F represents the useful work available.

Chemical Engineering

A measure of a system’s ability to do work. The Gibbs free energy provides an indication of the conditions under which a chemical reaction will occur and is given by G = H ‒ TS where G is the energy liberated or absorbed in the reaction process at constant temperature, T, and pressure, H is the enthalpy, and S is the entropy. Changes in Gibbs free energy, ΔG, are useful for indicating the conditions under which a reaction will occur. Negative values of ΔG indicate that the reaction will proceed spontaneously to equilibrium, while positive values indicate that the reaction will only occur if sufficient energy is supplied to force it away from equilibrium. The Helmholtz free energy is given by F = U ‒ TS where U is the internal energy. For reversible isothermal processes, the change in the Helmholtz free energy represents the useful work available. It is named after German physicist and physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–94).

Biology

A measure of a system’s ability to do work. The Gibbs free energy (or Gibbs function), G, is defined by G=H−TS, where G is the energy liberated or absorbed in a reversible process at constant pressure and constant temperature (T), H is the enthalpy and S the entropy of the system. Changes in Gibbs free energy, Δ‎G, are useful in indicating the conditions under which a chemical reaction will occur. If Δ‎G is positive the reaction will only occur if energy is supplied to force it away from the equilibrium position (i.e. when Δ‎G = 0). If Δ‎G is negative the reaction will proceed spontaneously to equilibrium.

单词	free energy
释义	free energy Physics A measure of a system’s ability to do work. The Gibbs free energy (or Gibbs function), G, is defined by G=H−TS, where G is the energy liberated or absorbed in a reversible process at constant pressure and constant temperature (T), H is the enthalpy, and S the entropy of the system. Changes in Gibbs free energy, Δ‎G, are useful in indicating the conditions under which a chemical reaction will occur. If Δ‎G is positive the reaction will only occur if energy is supplied to force it away from the equilibrium position (i.e. when Δ‎G=0). If Δ‎G is negative the reaction will proceed spontaneously to equilibrium. It is named after Josiah Willard Gibbs. The Helmholtz free energy (or Helmholtz function), F, is defined by F=U − TS, where U is the internal energy. For a reversible isothermal process, Δ‎F represents the useful work available. It is named after H. L. F. von Helmholtz. Chemistry A measure of a system’s ability to do work. The Gibbs free energy (or Gibbs function), G, is defined by G = H – TS, where G is the energy liberated or absorbed in a reversible process at constant pressure and constant temperature (T), H is the enthalpy and S the entropy of the system. Changes in Gibbs free energy, Δ‎G, are useful in indicating the conditions under which a chemical reaction will occur. If Δ‎G is positive the reaction will only occur if energy is supplied to force it away from the equilibrium position (i.e. when Δ‎G = 0). If Δ‎G is negative the reaction will proceed spontaneously to equilibrium. The Helmholtz free energy (or Helmholtz function), F, is defined by F = U – TS, where U is the internal energy. For a reversible isothermal process, Δ‎F represents the useful work available. Chemical Engineering A measure of a system’s ability to do work. The Gibbs free energy provides an indication of the conditions under which a chemical reaction will occur and is given by G = H ‒ TS where G is the energy liberated or absorbed in the reaction process at constant temperature, T, and pressure, H is the enthalpy, and S is the entropy. Changes in Gibbs free energy, ΔG, are useful for indicating the conditions under which a reaction will occur. Negative values of ΔG indicate that the reaction will proceed spontaneously to equilibrium, while positive values indicate that the reaction will only occur if sufficient energy is supplied to force it away from equilibrium. The Helmholtz free energy is given by F = U ‒ TS where U is the internal energy. For reversible isothermal processes, the change in the Helmholtz free energy represents the useful work available. It is named after German physicist and physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–94). Biology A measure of a system’s ability to do work. The Gibbs free energy (or Gibbs function), G, is defined by G=H−TS, where G is the energy liberated or absorbed in a reversible process at constant pressure and constant temperature (T), H is the enthalpy and S the entropy of the system. Changes in Gibbs free energy, Δ‎G, are useful in indicating the conditions under which a chemical reaction will occur. If Δ‎G is positive the reaction will only occur if energy is supplied to force it away from the equilibrium position (i.e. when Δ‎G = 0). If Δ‎G is negative the reaction will proceed spontaneously to equilibrium.
随便看	finite element method finite-element method finite field finite impulse response finite intersection property finite-length arithmetic finitely axiomatizable finitely generated finitely trivializable finite mixture model finite model property finite-model theory finite population correction finite resource finite rotation finite sample distribution((of a statistic)) finite sequence finite series finite set finite size effects finite-state automaton finite-state machine finite strain finite‐dimensional finitism