Elector Palatine (1610–20) and King of Bohemia (1619–20). In 1613 he married Elizabeth, daughter of James I of England. He then assumed the leadership of the German Protestant Union, and accepted the Bohemian crown when it was offered, following the deposition of Ferdinand II in November 1619. Thenceforth his fortunes followed the course of the Thirty Years War, a struggle in which he took little personal part after his defeat at the Battle of the White Mountain (November 1620). He withdrew to The Hague, and forfeited the Palatinate. George I of Great Britain (1660–1727) was his grandson.