Money that is thrown into circulation as capital without any material backing in the form of commodities or productive activity. D. Harvey (2006) explains: ‘consider the case of a producer who receives credit against the collateral of an unsold commodity. The money equivalent of the commodity is acquired before an actual sale. This money can then be used to purchase fresh means of production and labour power. The lender, however, holds a piece of paper, the value of which is backed by an unsold commodity. This piece of paper may be characterized as fictitious value’. A fictitious commodity is one with an ecological and/or social value exceeding its monetary value functions.