A positive factor exerted by a locality that people move to. These have included: new land grants for farmers (the Great Plains; Gutmann (2000) Climatic Change 44, 3), assisted passages and other government inducements (for Australia, see P. Burroughs and A. J. Stockwell 1998), freedom of speech or religion (see N. Philbrick 2006), and material inducements (Hong Kong; see Lin (2002) Asia Pac. Viewpt 43, 1).