“event”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

event

Mathematics

A (measurable) subset of the sample space relating to an experiment. For example, suppose that the sample space for an experiment in which a coin is tossed three times is Ω‎ = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}, and let A = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH}. Then A is the event in which at least two ‘heads’ are obtained. If, when the experiment is performed, the outcome is one that belongs to A, then A is said to have occurred. The intersection A ∩ B of two events is the event that can be described by saying that ‘both A and B occur’. The union A ∪ B of two events is the event that ‘either A or B occurs’. The complement A′ of A is the event that ‘A does not occur’. The probability Pr(A) of an event A is often of interest. The following laws hold:
1. (i) Pr(A ∪ B) = Pr(A)+Pr(B)−Pr(A ∩ B).
2. (ii) When A and B are mutually exclusive events, Pr(A ∪ B) = Pr(A)+Pr(B).
3. (iii) When A and B are independent events, Pr(A ∩ B) = Pr(A) Pr(B).
4. (iv) Pr(A′) = 1 − Pr(A).
See probability space.

Statistics

See sample space.

Chemical Engineering

The occurrence of something happening. It is a term used in risk analysis and risk assessment, and used in an evaluation of the probability or likelihood of the event occurring and its consequences. A risk analysis seeks to estimate the risks associated with the event and the risk assessment seeks to make decisions to reduce or mitigate the risks.

Philosophy

A change or happening. The central debate in the philosophy of events is whether they are to be thought of as individuals, like objects, capable of date and place and capable of being described in different ways, or whether they are more like propositions or facts, whose identity depends essentially on the concepts in which they are framed. On the former model it may prove easier to understand how events can cause things, and how one event (e.g. a commotion in the brain) may be identical with another (e.g. being struck by a thought). The latter model assimilates events to facts, so that just as it can be a fact that the admiral did not arrive, his non-arrival can be a significant event (not at all a non-event) which may have its own causes and effects. Similarly there can exist disjunctive events (John’s going to India or China) or quantificational events (Mary’s finding a job, i.e. there being some job-finding by Mary).

单词	event
释义	event Mathematics A (measurable) subset of the sample space relating to an experiment. For example, suppose that the sample space for an experiment in which a coin is tossed three times is Ω‎ = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}, and let A = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH}. Then A is the event in which at least two ‘heads’ are obtained. If, when the experiment is performed, the outcome is one that belongs to A, then A is said to have occurred. The intersection A ∩ B of two events is the event that can be described by saying that ‘both A and B occur’. The union A ∪ B of two events is the event that ‘either A or B occurs’. The complement A′ of A is the event that ‘A does not occur’. The probability Pr(A) of an event A is often of interest. The following laws hold: (i) Pr(A ∪ B) = Pr(A)+Pr(B)−Pr(A ∩ B). (ii) When A and B are mutually exclusive events, Pr(A ∪ B) = Pr(A)+Pr(B). (iii) When A and B are independent events, Pr(A ∩ B) = Pr(A) Pr(B). (iv) Pr(A′) = 1 − Pr(A). See probability space. Statistics See sample space. Chemical Engineering The occurrence of something happening. It is a term used in risk analysis and risk assessment, and used in an evaluation of the probability or likelihood of the event occurring and its consequences. A risk analysis seeks to estimate the risks associated with the event and the risk assessment seeks to make decisions to reduce or mitigate the risks. Philosophy A change or happening. The central debate in the philosophy of events is whether they are to be thought of as individuals, like objects, capable of date and place and capable of being described in different ways, or whether they are more like propositions or facts, whose identity depends essentially on the concepts in which they are framed. On the former model it may prove easier to understand how events can cause things, and how one event (e.g. a commotion in the brain) may be identical with another (e.g. being struck by a thought). The latter model assimilates events to facts, so that just as it can be a fact that the admiral did not arrive, his non-arrival can be a significant event (not at all a non-event) which may have its own causes and effects. Similarly there can exist disjunctive events (John’s going to India or China) or quantificational events (Mary’s finding a job, i.e. there being some job-finding by Mary).
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