“error”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

error

Mathematics

Let x be an approximation to a value X. According to some authors, the error is X − x; for example, when 1.9 is used as an approximation for 1.875, the error equals −0.025. Others define the error to be x − X. Whichever of these definitions is used, the error can be positive or negative. Yet other authors define the error to be |X − x|, the difference between the true value and the approximation, in which case the error is always non-negative. When contrasted with relative error, the error may be called the absolute error.

Chemical Engineering

1. The difference between a measured or indicated value and the expected or true value. The error can be used to control a system or process while statistical error can be used as a measure of uncertainty. For example, reading the level of liquid in a vertical glass manometric leg used to measure the pressure in a process may only be possible to the nearest 1 mm. A level of 30 cm should therefore be written as 30 ±0.1 cm, which means a level of (p. 132) between 29.9 and 30.1 cm. Random error is a form of error that can neither be predicted nor accounted. Systematic error is due to a fault that requires correcting. For example, a thermometer that reads 10°C less than the actual temperature means that all recorded temperatures are 10°C less than the correct value. Human error, blunders, and mistakes can lead to disastrous consequences.

2. Used in process control of process, the error is the difference between a desired or set point value and the actual and controlled process variable. The control of a process aims to minimize the error. Various forms of process control strategies are used to achieve this. See process control

Computer

1. The difference between a computed, observed, or measured value or condition and the true, specified, or theoretically correct value or condition.
2. An incorrect result resulting from some failure in the hardware of a system.
3. An incorrect step, process, or data definition in for example a program. See also semantic error, syntax error.

Electronics and Electrical Engineering

See absolute error.

Biology

Incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis of no effect when it is true (type I error) or failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false (type II error). See significance.

单词	error
释义	error Mathematics Let x be an approximation to a value X. According to some authors, the error is X − x; for example, when 1.9 is used as an approximation for 1.875, the error equals −0.025. Others define the error to be x − X. Whichever of these definitions is used, the error can be positive or negative. Yet other authors define the error to be \|X − x\|, the difference between the true value and the approximation, in which case the error is always non-negative. When contrasted with relative error, the error may be called the absolute error. Chemical Engineering 1. The difference between a measured or indicated value and the expected or true value. The error can be used to control a system or process while statistical error can be used as a measure of uncertainty. For example, reading the level of liquid in a vertical glass manometric leg used to measure the pressure in a process may only be possible to the nearest 1 mm. A level of 30 cm should therefore be written as 30 ±0.1 cm, which means a level of (p. 132) between 29.9 and 30.1 cm. Random error is a form of error that can neither be predicted nor accounted. Systematic error is due to a fault that requires correcting. For example, a thermometer that reads 10°C less than the actual temperature means that all recorded temperatures are 10°C less than the correct value. Human error, blunders, and mistakes can lead to disastrous consequences. 2. Used in process control of process, the error is the difference between a desired or set point value and the actual and controlled process variable. The control of a process aims to minimize the error. Various forms of process control strategies are used to achieve this. See process control Computer 1. The difference between a computed, observed, or measured value or condition and the true, specified, or theoretically correct value or condition. 2. An incorrect result resulting from some failure in the hardware of a system. 3. An incorrect step, process, or data definition in for example a program. See also semantic error, syntax error. Electronics and Electrical Engineering See absolute error. Biology Incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis of no effect when it is true (type I error) or failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false (type II error). See significance.
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