“equation of state”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

equation of state

Physics

An equation that relates the pressure p, volume V, and thermodynamic temperature T of an amount of substance n. The simplest is the ideal gas law:

$p V = n R T,$

where R is the universal gas constant. Applying only to ideal gases, this equation takes no account of the volume occupied by the gas molecules (according to this law if the pressure is infinitely great the volume becomes zero), nor does it take into account any forces between molecules. A more accurate equation of state would therefore be

$(p + k) (V - n b) = n R T,$

where k is a factor that reflects the decreased pressure on the walls of the container as a result of the attractive forces between particles, and nb is the volume occupied by the particles themselves when the pressure is infinitely high. In the van der Waals equation of state, proposed by the Dutch physicist Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837–1923),

$k = n^{2} a / V^{2},$

where a is a constant. This equation more accurately reflects the behaviour of real gases; several others have done better but are more complicated. See also virial equation.

Chemistry

An equation that relates the pressure p, volume V, and thermodynamic temperature T of an amount of substance n. The simplest is the ideal gas law:
$p V = n R T,$
where R is the universal gas constant. Applying only to ideal gases, this equation takes no account of the volume occupied by the gas molecules (according to this law if the pressure is infinitely great the volume becomes zero), nor does it take into account any forces between molecules. A more accurate equation of state would therefore be
$(p + k) (V - n b) = n R T,$
where k is a factor that reflects the decreased pressure on the walls of the container as a result of the attractive forces between particles, and nb is the volume occupied by the particles themselves. In van der Waalss’ equation, proposed by the Dutch physicist J. D. van der Waals (1837–1923),
$k = n^{2} a / V^{2},$
where a is a constant. This equation more accurately reflects the behaviour of real gases; several others have done better but are more complicated.

Chemical Engineering

A relationship that links the pressure, volume, and temperature of an amount of a substance. It is used to determine thermodynamic properties such as liquid and vapour densities, vapour pressures, fugacities and deviations from ideality, and enthalpies. Various equations of state have been developed to predict the properties of real substances. Commonly used equations of state include the ideal gas law, virial equation, van der Waals’ equation, Peng–Robinson, Soave-Redlich Kwong, and Lee–Kesler equations. Cubic equations of state are relatively easy to use and are fitted to experimental data. The van der Waals equation is comparatively poor at predicting state properties. The Lee–Kesler model, which is based on the theory of corresponding states and uses reduced temperature and pressure, covers a wide range of temperatures and pressures.

单词	equation of state
释义	equation of state Physics An equation that relates the pressure p, volume V, and thermodynamic temperature T of an amount of substance n. The simplest is the ideal gas law: $p V = n R T,$ where R is the universal gas constant. Applying only to ideal gases, this equation takes no account of the volume occupied by the gas molecules (according to this law if the pressure is infinitely great the volume becomes zero), nor does it take into account any forces between molecules. A more accurate equation of state would therefore be $(p + k) (V - n b) = n R T,$ where k is a factor that reflects the decreased pressure on the walls of the container as a result of the attractive forces between particles, and nb is the volume occupied by the particles themselves when the pressure is infinitely high. In the van der Waals equation of state, proposed by the Dutch physicist Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837–1923), $k = n^{2} a / V^{2},$ where a is a constant. This equation more accurately reflects the behaviour of real gases; several others have done better but are more complicated. See also virial equation. Chemistry An equation that relates the pressure p, volume V, and thermodynamic temperature T of an amount of substance n. The simplest is the ideal gas law: $p V = n R T,$ where R is the universal gas constant. Applying only to ideal gases, this equation takes no account of the volume occupied by the gas molecules (according to this law if the pressure is infinitely great the volume becomes zero), nor does it take into account any forces between molecules. A more accurate equation of state would therefore be $(p + k) (V - n b) = n R T,$ where k is a factor that reflects the decreased pressure on the walls of the container as a result of the attractive forces between particles, and nb is the volume occupied by the particles themselves. In van der Waalss’ equation, proposed by the Dutch physicist J. D. van der Waals (1837–1923), $k = n^{2} a / V^{2},$ where a is a constant. This equation more accurately reflects the behaviour of real gases; several others have done better but are more complicated. Chemical Engineering A relationship that links the pressure, volume, and temperature of an amount of a substance. It is used to determine thermodynamic properties such as liquid and vapour densities, vapour pressures, fugacities and deviations from ideality, and enthalpies. Various equations of state have been developed to predict the properties of real substances. Commonly used equations of state include the ideal gas law, virial equation, van der Waals’ equation, Peng–Robinson, Soave-Redlich Kwong, and Lee–Kesler equations. Cubic equations of state are relatively easy to use and are fitted to experimental data. The van der Waals equation is comparatively poor at predicting state properties. The Lee–Kesler model, which is based on the theory of corresponding states and uses reduced temperature and pressure, covers a wide range of temperatures and pressures.
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