Ex-convicts in early 19th-century Australia. In a narrow sense, the term referred only to those convicts who had been pardoned, conditionally or absolutely, by the governor. In a broader sense, it was applied to all ex-convicts who, having served their term of imprisonment or enforced servitude, had become free, and in some cases, wealthy. There was much conflict between emancipists and exclusionists in New South Wales, Australia, especially during Macquarie’s governorship (1810–21). The term was also applied to members of a political group, consisting of emancipists and liberals, which campaigned for reforms during the 1820s, 1830s, and early 1840s. William Wentworth was the acknowledged leader of this political group for many years. In 1835, it founded the Australian Patriotic Association.