“polyhedron”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

polyhedron

Physics

A solid bounded by polygonal faces. In a regular polyhedron, all the faces are congruent regular polygons. The cube is one of five possible regular polyhedrons. The others are the tetrahedron (four triangular faces), the octahedron (eight triangular faces), the dodecahedron (twelve pentagonal faces), and the icosahedron (twenty triangular faces). The five regular polyhedrons are sometimes known as Platonic solids, because they featured prominently in Plato’s speculations about the universe.

Mathematics

A solid figure bounded by some number of plane polygonal faces. It is often assumed that a polyhedron is convex, unlike the one in the figure. Thus, a convex polyhedron is a finite region bounded by some number of planes, in the sense that the polyhedron lies entirely on one side of each plane. Each edge of the polyhedron joins two vertices, and each edge is the common edge of two faces.

A concave (non-convex) polyhedron

The numbers of vertices, edges, and faces of a convex polyhedron are related by Euler’s Theorem (for polyhedra).

Certain polyhedra are called regular, and these are the five Platonic solids; the thirteen Archimedean solids are semi-regular. See polytope.

Chemistry

A three-dimensional solid bounded by polygons, with straight edges and sharp vertices. There are many polyhedral molecules. Chemists have been interested in the challenge of synthesizing molecules in the shape of particular polyhedra (see platonic hydrocarbons) and in determining the number of polyhedra associated with a specific number of vertices when considering large coordination numbers.

单词	polyhedron
释义	polyhedron Physics A solid bounded by polygonal faces. In a regular polyhedron, all the faces are congruent regular polygons. The cube is one of five possible regular polyhedrons. The others are the tetrahedron (four triangular faces), the octahedron (eight triangular faces), the dodecahedron (twelve pentagonal faces), and the icosahedron (twenty triangular faces). The five regular polyhedrons are sometimes known as Platonic solids, because they featured prominently in Plato’s speculations about the universe. Mathematics A solid figure bounded by some number of plane polygonal faces. It is often assumed that a polyhedron is convex, unlike the one in the figure. Thus, a convex polyhedron is a finite region bounded by some number of planes, in the sense that the polyhedron lies entirely on one side of each plane. Each edge of the polyhedron joins two vertices, and each edge is the common edge of two faces. A concave (non-convex) polyhedron The numbers of vertices, edges, and faces of a convex polyhedron are related by Euler’s Theorem (for polyhedra). Certain polyhedra are called regular, and these are the five Platonic solids; the thirteen Archimedean solids are semi-regular. See polytope. Chemistry A three-dimensional solid bounded by polygons, with straight edges and sharp vertices. There are many polyhedral molecules. Chemists have been interested in the challenge of synthesizing molecules in the shape of particular polyhedra (see platonic hydrocarbons) and in determining the number of polyhedra associated with a specific number of vertices when considering large coordination numbers.
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