“closure”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

closure

Mathematics

The closure of a subset A of a topological space is the smallest closed subset containing A, or equivalently is obtained by including in it all the limit points of A. For example, if A is the set {x ∈ ℝ: 1<x<2} then the closure of A would include 1 and 2 as the limit points, giving {x ∈ ℝ: 1 ≤ x ≤ 2}. See dense set, kuratowski closure axioms.

Computer

1. See closed semiring. See also Kleene star.

2. A technique used in lazy functional languages (and increasingly in non-functional languages) to delay computation until a value is actually needed.

Geography

The delimitation of, or setting boundaries to, an enquiry. Massey (1999) TIBG 24 lists the methods of closure commonly used by geographers: oversimplification; bounding a region by process, rather than space; and limiting an enquiry to a specified time period. ‘The process of closing research must address the motives behind research topics and questions; the reasons for preferring a particular methodology in addressing a given set of research questions, including the theoretical and practical issues raised by closure; and the importance of place in shaping our understandings of reality’ (Brown (2004) TIBG 29, 3). The choice of time–space model is also significant in closure; see Lane (2001) TIBG 26, 2.

单词	closure
释义	closure Mathematics The closure of a subset A of a topological space is the smallest closed subset containing A, or equivalently is obtained by including in it all the limit points of A. For example, if A is the set {x ∈ ℝ: 1<x<2} then the closure of A would include 1 and 2 as the limit points, giving {x ∈ ℝ: 1 ≤ x ≤ 2}. See dense set, kuratowski closure axioms. Computer 1. See closed semiring. See also Kleene star. 2. A technique used in lazy functional languages (and increasingly in non-functional languages) to delay computation until a value is actually needed. Geography The delimitation of, or setting boundaries to, an enquiry. Massey (1999) TIBG 24 lists the methods of closure commonly used by geographers: oversimplification; bounding a region by process, rather than space; and limiting an enquiry to a specified time period. ‘The process of closing research must address the motives behind research topics and questions; the reasons for preferring a particular methodology in addressing a given set of research questions, including the theoretical and practical issues raised by closure; and the importance of place in shaping our understandings of reality’ (Brown (2004) TIBG 29, 3). The choice of time–space model is also significant in closure; see Lane (2001) TIBG 26, 2.
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