1. In geomorphology, the ability to recover towards a predisturbance state, which is directly related to dynamic stability. Long et al. (2006) Geomorph. 82, 309 explain the way Dungeness Foreland—a large sand and gravel barrier located in the eastern English Channel—has, for 5000 years, demonstrated remarkable geomorphological resilience in accommodating changes in relative sealevel, storm magnitude and frequency, variations in sediment supply, as well as significant changes in back-barrier sedimentation.

2. Of an economy, the ability to withstand an economic shock, such as the closure of a factory, or the loss of a key market, or more global events such as the global financial crisis of 2007. Resilient economies are able to bounce back quickly from the negative effects of the shock. See Martin (2012) J. Econ. Geog. 12, 1, 1.