“perturbation”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

perturbation

Physics

A departure by a celestial body from the trajectory or orbit it would follow if it moved only under the influence of a single central force. According to Kepler’s law, for example, a single planet orbiting the sun would move in an elliptical orbit. In fact, planets are perturbed from elliptical orbits by the gravitational forces exerted on them by other planets. Similarly, the moon’s orbit round the earth is perturbed by the gravitational effect of the sun and the trajectories of comets are perturbed when they pass close to planets.

Mathematics

A small change in the parameter values in an equation, dynamical system, or optimization problem, usually done to investigate the stability of a solution. See linear theory of equilibria.

Astronomy

A change in the orbit of a body, usually due to the gravitational attraction of another body. Thus the planets in their elliptical orbits about the Sun mutually perturb one another, producing changes in their orbital elements. The orbits of satellites are perturbed by their mutual gravitational attractions and also by the Sun. Perturbations also arise in the orbits of satellites that lie close to their planets because the planets are not perfectly spherical in shape. The orbits of some artificial Earth satellites are also perturbed by atmospheric drag. See also periodic perturbation; secular perturbation.

单词	perturbation
释义	perturbation Physics A departure by a celestial body from the trajectory or orbit it would follow if it moved only under the influence of a single central force. According to Kepler’s law, for example, a single planet orbiting the sun would move in an elliptical orbit. In fact, planets are perturbed from elliptical orbits by the gravitational forces exerted on them by other planets. Similarly, the moon’s orbit round the earth is perturbed by the gravitational effect of the sun and the trajectories of comets are perturbed when they pass close to planets. Mathematics A small change in the parameter values in an equation, dynamical system, or optimization problem, usually done to investigate the stability of a solution. See linear theory of equilibria. Astronomy A change in the orbit of a body, usually due to the gravitational attraction of another body. Thus the planets in their elliptical orbits about the Sun mutually perturb one another, producing changes in their orbital elements. The orbits of satellites are perturbed by their mutual gravitational attractions and also by the Sun. Perturbations also arise in the orbits of satellites that lie close to their planets because the planets are not perfectly spherical in shape. The orbits of some artificial Earth satellites are also perturbed by atmospheric drag. See also periodic perturbation; secular perturbation.
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