European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut and first of British nationality to visit the International Space Station (ISS). Born in Chichester, England, Peake had a career as a test pilot and a British Army Air Corps officer before ESA selected him as an astronaut in May 2009. After completing Astronaut Basic Training in November 2010, he took part in two NASA exploratory missions: CAVES (in 2011) and Aquarius (in 2012), both part of its Extreme Environment Mission Operations. His historic, long-duration flight aboard the ISS began on 15 December 2015. During his six-month stay, Peake made a space walk, helped dock two spacecraft, and conducted numerous experiments—including driving a rover across a simulated Mars terrain from space, and using the station’s airlock to study his lungs. While in space, he also monitored his sleeping patterns, to learn how humans adapt to life without normal daylight, and recorded how many calories he consumed, to prepare for missions further from Earth.