A distinguishing feature of degree programmes in chemical engineering that are accredited by the Institution of Chemical Engineers. The design project features near the end of the degree programme and involves the complete design of a chemical process from raw materials through to the production of a product that is defined in terms of an output flow rate and quality. Typically working in teams, students are required to pool their accumulated knowledge in chemical engineering to meet the specifications, which involves the production of a flowsheet, material balances, and energy balances, with unit operations that typically include mixing, chemical reaction, and separation. It also includes process economics, safety, environmental issues, start-up, HAZOP, and the preparation of a P&ID.