“patent”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

patent

Chemical Engineering

An official document granted by a government to an inventor of a novel product or process. It assures the legal protection and sole rights to manufacture, use, and sell the product or process within a limited period. A patentee is a person, group, or company that has been granted a patent.

Computer

A government grant to an inventor assuring him/her the exclusive right to exploit or sell the invention for a limited period (usually 20 years). Under the 1985 Guidelines for Examination in the European Patent Office, patent protection is available to inventive computer programs in Europe if the invention is expressed in terms of a programmed machine. Programs can be patented in the USA if they comply with the originality and other requirements of the US Patent Act. Inventive hardware is patentable in Europe and this leads to a serious flaw in the law; the same task can be performed by both software and hardware but the former is expressly excluded from protection by a clause in the European Patent Convention. The question of whether a program that performs the same task as a piece of patented hardware infringes the patent in the hardware has not yet been decided in Europe, nor has it been decided whether a PROM is a piece of software or hardware. Many of these inventions are now given a special type of copyright protection under new laws protecting chip masks. See also trade secrets.

Economics

A legal device to encourage and reward invention by giving exclusive rights to inventors. In many countries the inventor of a new product or process can apply for a patent, giving the holder the exclusive right for a number of years to produce the good or use the process. This right can be used either through their own business, or by charging a licence fee to other users. A patent grants monopoly power with the intention that the flow of profit is sufficient to reward the innovator and to provide an incentive to create inventions. The granting of patents trades the static inefficiency of monopoly against the dynamic gains from increased innovation.

单词	patent
释义	patent Chemical Engineering An official document granted by a government to an inventor of a novel product or process. It assures the legal protection and sole rights to manufacture, use, and sell the product or process within a limited period. A patentee is a person, group, or company that has been granted a patent. Computer A government grant to an inventor assuring him/her the exclusive right to exploit or sell the invention for a limited period (usually 20 years). Under the 1985 Guidelines for Examination in the European Patent Office, patent protection is available to inventive computer programs in Europe if the invention is expressed in terms of a programmed machine. Programs can be patented in the USA if they comply with the originality and other requirements of the US Patent Act. Inventive hardware is patentable in Europe and this leads to a serious flaw in the law; the same task can be performed by both software and hardware but the former is expressly excluded from protection by a clause in the European Patent Convention. The question of whether a program that performs the same task as a piece of patented hardware infringes the patent in the hardware has not yet been decided in Europe, nor has it been decided whether a PROM is a piece of software or hardware. Many of these inventions are now given a special type of copyright protection under new laws protecting chip masks. See also trade secrets. Economics A legal device to encourage and reward invention by giving exclusive rights to inventors. In many countries the inventor of a new product or process can apply for a patent, giving the holder the exclusive right for a number of years to produce the good or use the process. This right can be used either through their own business, or by charging a licence fee to other users. A patent grants monopoly power with the intention that the flow of profit is sufficient to reward the innovator and to provide an incentive to create inventions. The granting of patents trades the static inefficiency of monopoly against the dynamic gains from increased innovation.
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