| 单词 | Lamarr, Hedy (1913–2000) |
| 释义 | Lamarr, Hedy (1913–2000) A famous actress and dancer of pre-war (WWII) fame, and co-inventor of spread spectrum (SS) radio. Born Hedwig Eva Maria Keisler in Vienna, Austria, her first husband (of six) was Friedrich Mandl, an arms manufacturer who socialized with Adolph Hitler and Benito Mussolini. She reportedly hated her overly possessive husband and his Nazi friends and escaped to London before WWII. Using knowledge she gained while married to Mandl, Lamarr developed spread spectrum radio, which she initially used to remotely synchronize multiple player pianos in radio-controlled piano concerts that reportedly were quite popular in those much simpler times. The United States Patent and Trademark Office issued patent #2,292,387 (1942) to Ms. Lamarr and George Antheil, a film-score composer to whom she had turned for help in perfecting the idea, for a Secret Communication System that was, in effect, a spread spectrum radio. In the Pacific Theater during World War II, the Allies used that patented technology extensively to prevent the Japanese from jamming radio-controlled torpedoes. This primitive system used a mechanical switching system much like a piano roll to shift frequencies faster than the Axis military could follow them. Subsequently, spread spectrum combined with digital technology for spy-proof and noise-resistant battlefield communications. During the 1962 Cuban nuclear missile crisis, Sylvania installed SS on U.S. warships sent to blockade Cuba, where the technology provided improved security as well as prevented signal jamming. Ms. Lamarr never requested nor received any royalties from the use of her invention. Ms. Lamarr was an exotic beauty and talented actress. She delighted and shocked prewar audiences by dancing nude in the movie Ecstacy (1933). Her greatest screen role was as Delilah, opposite Victor Mature as Sampson in Cecil B. DeMille’s Sampson and Delilah (1949). Hedy Lamarr has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6247 Hollywood Boulevard. In 1997, the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) gave her an award for inventing SS radio, which is the basis for code division multiple access (CDMA), which is used in cellular and other radio networks. See Antheil, George. See also CDMA, cellular radio, EFF, radio, and SS. lambda (λ) The Greek letter used by physicists to denote wavelength. See wavelength. 74570c12.qxd 9/11/07 12:25 PM Page 276 |
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