“Cynics”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Cynics

Philosophy

The ‘dog philosophers’, probably called after the nickname of Diogenes of Sinope, their most prominent member and founder. In the ancient world, dogs were symbols of lack of shame. For Cynics the virtuous life consisted in an independence achieved by mastery over one’s desires and needs: happiness demands that one desires nothing and hence lacks nothing. To encourage people to renounce the desires engendered by civilization and convention the Cynics waged a crusade of antisocial mockery, hoping to show by their own example the hollow illusions of social life. For some of the results see Diogenes, Crates, Hipparchia.

World History

A sect of ancient Greek philosophers popularly thought to have been established by Diogenes, though his mentor, Antisthenes of Athens, should perhaps be accorded the title of founder. Since the Cynics were never a formal school, with no fully defined philosophy, considerable differences emerged amongst Diogenes’ disciples, who adopted only those ideas which appealed to them. Crates of Thebes was his most faithful follower: he demonstrated how in troubled times happiness was possible for the man who gave up material possessions, kept his needs to an absolute minimum, and maintained his independence.
The Cynic philosophy flourished through the 3rd century bc, and the beggar-philosopher, knapsack on his back and stick in hand, became a familiar sight in Greece. A steady decline thereafter was reversed by a temporary revival in the 1st century ad, though the Cynics’ readiness to criticize the conduct of the emperors led to many expulsions from Rome. The last recorded beggar-philosopher lived at the end of the 5th century.

单词	Cynics
释义	Cynics Philosophy The ‘dog philosophers’, probably called after the nickname of Diogenes of Sinope, their most prominent member and founder. In the ancient world, dogs were symbols of lack of shame. For Cynics the virtuous life consisted in an independence achieved by mastery over one’s desires and needs: happiness demands that one desires nothing and hence lacks nothing. To encourage people to renounce the desires engendered by civilization and convention the Cynics waged a crusade of antisocial mockery, hoping to show by their own example the hollow illusions of social life. For some of the results see Diogenes, Crates, Hipparchia. World History A sect of ancient Greek philosophers popularly thought to have been established by Diogenes, though his mentor, Antisthenes of Athens, should perhaps be accorded the title of founder. Since the Cynics were never a formal school, with no fully defined philosophy, considerable differences emerged amongst Diogenes’ disciples, who adopted only those ideas which appealed to them. Crates of Thebes was his most faithful follower: he demonstrated how in troubled times happiness was possible for the man who gave up material possessions, kept his needs to an absolute minimum, and maintained his independence. The Cynic philosophy flourished through the 3rd century bc, and the beggar-philosopher, knapsack on his back and stick in hand, became a familiar sight in Greece. A steady decline thereafter was reversed by a temporary revival in the 1st century ad, though the Cynics’ readiness to criticize the conduct of the emperors led to many expulsions from Rome. The last recorded beggar-philosopher lived at the end of the 5th century.
随便看	Obote, Milton (1924–2005) Obregón, Alvaro (1880–1928) Obrenović O'Brien test obrusion obrution obrution deposit OBS obscenity obsequent observable observation observational study observation well Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic Observatorio Astrofísico de Javalambre Observatorio del Teide observatory observatory phase observed failure rate observed frequency observed mean life observer obsidian Łukasiewicz, Jan (1878–1956)