“convergence”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

convergence

Chemical Engineering

The approach to a limit of a sequence or series. It is usually the solution of a non-linear problem. Iterative solutions to complex problems solved by computers often seek convergence to a solution. The opposite is divergence.

Internet

The coming together or integration of a number of technologies; for example, the convergence of cellular telephone technology and the Internet to provide portable information services.

Electronics and Electrical Engineering

In a multibeam electron tube, such as a colour picture tube, the intersection of the beams at a specified point. Convergence may be achieved electrostatically using a convergence electrode or electromagnetically using a convergence magnet. When scanning of the beams across the screen of the tube is carried out, the surface generated by the point of intersection of two or more of the electron beams is the convergence surface.

Biology

1. (in neuroanatomy) The arrangement in which a single neuron receives inputs from numerous receptors or other neurons. For instance, in the retina of the eye, the output of over 100 million photoreceptors converge, via intermediate cells, on just 1 million ganglion cells, whose axons comprise the optic nerve. Consequently, convergence entails a funnelling of information from the input cells and integration of their signals into new output messages.
2. See convergent evolution. Compare divergence.

Geology and Earth Sciences

1. Situation in which, over a given lapse of time, more air flows into a given region than flows out of it. It is commonly accompanied by confluence of the streamlines, but may be caused by differences of velocity, e.g. where the wind comes against a coast or a mountain wall. Surface friction can produce convergence. Compare divergence.
2. The point, line, or region where two oceanic water masses or surface currents meet. This leads to the denser water from one side sinking beneath the lighter water of the other side.

Geography

1 The meeting of tectonic plates. See Rosenbaum (2002) Tectonophys. 359, 1–2 on the convergence of Africa with Europe, and Gelabert et al. (2004) Geologica Acta 2, 3 on the convergence of the Indoaustralian and Eurasian plates.
2 In meteorology, air streams flowing to meet each other. An area of convergence is an area of rising air. Convergence can occur aloft over dense, cold air and is not necessarily confined to a layer bounded by the surface. Byers and Rodebush (1948) J. Meteor. 5 were the first to show a correlation between convective rainfall and convergence of low-level winds. These areas of low-level convergence were often restricted to well-defined lines of convergence with widths of the order of 1–2 km (Crook and Klemp (2000) J. Atmos. Scis 57, 6). In the upper troposphere, convergence causes air to subside, creating anticyclonic conditions at ground level (Hastenrath (2007) Dynam. Atmos. & Oceans 43, 1–2).
3 Within human geography, the use of the same production methods or practices by firms operating in different national-institutional spaces. Gertler (2001) J. Econ. Geog. 1, 1 describes the convergence between Anglo-American, German, and Japanese models of economic growth, and Domosh (2004) TIBG 24, 4 explores the convergence of economic and cultural approaches to imperialism. See also A. Leyshon and J. Pollard (2000).

单词	convergence
释义	convergence Chemical Engineering The approach to a limit of a sequence or series. It is usually the solution of a non-linear problem. Iterative solutions to complex problems solved by computers often seek convergence to a solution. The opposite is divergence. Internet The coming together or integration of a number of technologies; for example, the convergence of cellular telephone technology and the Internet to provide portable information services. Electronics and Electrical Engineering In a multibeam electron tube, such as a colour picture tube, the intersection of the beams at a specified point. Convergence may be achieved electrostatically using a convergence electrode or electromagnetically using a convergence magnet. When scanning of the beams across the screen of the tube is carried out, the surface generated by the point of intersection of two or more of the electron beams is the convergence surface. Biology 1. (in neuroanatomy) The arrangement in which a single neuron receives inputs from numerous receptors or other neurons. For instance, in the retina of the eye, the output of over 100 million photoreceptors converge, via intermediate cells, on just 1 million ganglion cells, whose axons comprise the optic nerve. Consequently, convergence entails a funnelling of information from the input cells and integration of their signals into new output messages. 2. See convergent evolution. Compare divergence. Geology and Earth Sciences 1. Situation in which, over a given lapse of time, more air flows into a given region than flows out of it. It is commonly accompanied by confluence of the streamlines, but may be caused by differences of velocity, e.g. where the wind comes against a coast or a mountain wall. Surface friction can produce convergence. Compare divergence. 2. The point, line, or region where two oceanic water masses or surface currents meet. This leads to the denser water from one side sinking beneath the lighter water of the other side. Geography 1 The meeting of tectonic plates. See Rosenbaum (2002) Tectonophys. 359, 1–2 on the convergence of Africa with Europe, and Gelabert et al. (2004) Geologica Acta 2, 3 on the convergence of the Indoaustralian and Eurasian plates. 2 In meteorology, air streams flowing to meet each other. An area of convergence is an area of rising air. Convergence can occur aloft over dense, cold air and is not necessarily confined to a layer bounded by the surface. Byers and Rodebush (1948) J. Meteor. 5 were the first to show a correlation between convective rainfall and convergence of low-level winds. These areas of low-level convergence were often restricted to well-defined lines of convergence with widths of the order of 1–2 km (Crook and Klemp (2000) J. Atmos. Scis 57, 6). In the upper troposphere, convergence causes air to subside, creating anticyclonic conditions at ground level (Hastenrath (2007) Dynam. Atmos. & Oceans 43, 1–2). 3 Within human geography, the use of the same production methods or practices by firms operating in different national-institutional spaces. Gertler (2001) J. Econ. Geog. 1, 1 describes the convergence between Anglo-American, German, and Japanese models of economic growth, and Domosh (2004) TIBG 24, 4 explores the convergence of economic and cultural approaches to imperialism. See also A. Leyshon and J. Pollard (2000).
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