“contingency table”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

contingency table

Mathematics

Statistics

A table displaying the frequencies for each combination of two or more variables. The variables are either categorical variables, or numerical variables for which the possible outcomes have been arranged in groups. The term was first used by Karl Pearson in 1904. Each location in a table is called a cell, and the corresponding frequency is the cell frequency.
Suppose A and B are two categorical variables having J and K categories, respectively. There are therefore JK possible category combinations. The table described would be called a J×K table. One simple model for such a table is the independence model (see also chi-squared test). Multidimensional contingency tables summarize information from more than two categorical variables. A three-variable table might be called a J×K×L table. Models used include logit models and, most commonly, log-linear models.

Computer

In statistical analysis, a frequency distribution of sample data classified by two or more factors, each with two or more classes. A simple example is a medical clinical trial of two treatments in which the number of patients assigned to each treatment is classified according to whether improvement was observed or not. If there is no significant difference between the proportions of patients improving, there is said to be no interaction between the two classifications of the table. The statistical analysis of contingency tables depends on certain assumptions (random assignment to classes, absence of other relevant factors) that make the interpretation controversial, and care must be taken in applying the tests correctly. See also chi-squared distribution.