He was minister of Zurich from 1518, where he sought to carry through his political and religious reforms and met with strong local support. From 1522 he published articles advocating the liberation of believers from the control of the papacy and bishops, and upholding the Gospel as the sole basis of truth. He attacked the idea of purgatory, the invocation of saints, monasticism, and other orthodox doctrines. His beliefs differed most markedly from Martin Luther’s in his rejection of the latter’s doctrine of consubstantiation. The spread of Zwingli’s ideas in Switzerland met with fierce resistance and Zwingli was killed in the resulting civil war.