An international peace conference that settled the affairs of Europe after the defeat of Napoleon. It continued to meet through the Hundred Days of Napoleon’s return to France (March–June 1815). The dominant powers were Austria, represented by Metternich, Britain, represented by Castlereagh, Prussia, represented by Frederick William III, and Russia, represented by Alexander I. Talleyrand attended as the representative of Louis XVIII of France. The Congress agreed to the absorption by the new kingdom of the Netherlands of the territory known as the Austrian Netherlands (now Belgium). Otherwise the Habsburgs regained control of all their domains, including Lombardy, Venetia, Tuscany, Parma, and Tyrol. Prussia gained parts of Saxony as well as regaining much of Westphalia and the Rhineland. Denmark, which had allied itself with France, lost Norway to Sweden. In Italy the pope was restored to the Vatican and the Papal States, and the Bourbons were re-established in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. The German Confederation was established, and Napoleon’s Grand Duchy of Warsaw was to be replaced by a restored Kingdom of Poland, but as part of the Russian empire with the Russian emperor also king of Poland. The Congress restored political stability to Europe.