who resigned as Rector of Hamburg University in 1933, and subsequently taught at various universities in England and the United States. His main ambition was to develop Kant’s work into a general theory of culture. This involved a general theory of symbolization, and Cassirer, although influential in his time in many areas, is best remembered for his work on varieties of ‘symbolic forms’, presented in his major work Die Philosophie der symbolischen Formen (1923–9, trs. as The Philosophy of Symbolic Forms, 1953–7).