The curve traced out by a point on the circumference of a circle rolling round another circle of the same radius. Its equation, in which a is the radius of each circle, may be taken in polar coordinates as r=2a(1+cosθ)(−π<θ≤π). In the figure, OA = 4a and OB = 2a.
The cardioid r=2a(1+cosθ)
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