“Maunder minimum”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Maunder minimum

Astronomy

The period from 1645 to 1715 when scarcely any sunspots or aurorae were seen. E. W. Maunder (and, before him, G. F. W. Spörer) concluded that there had been a real decline in solar activity then. Further evidence for the Maunder minimum is provided by an increased carbon-14 content in tree rings during that period, since the cosmic rays that produce carbon-14 reach the Earth in greater numbers when the Sun’s activity is low. There was also a lengthy cold spell on the Earth from 1550 to 1700, known as the Little Ice Age, which, roughly corresponds to a period including the Maunder minimum and the earlier Spörer minimum. This cold period could be explained by a decrease in solar output of about 1%. The existence of the minimum was confirmed in 1976 by the American solar physicist John Allen (‘Jack’) Eddy (1931–2009). A similar but less-pronounced dip around the year 1800 is known as the Dalton minimum.

Geography

Between 1645 and 1715, a period of reduced solar activity (sunspots) that coincided with the coldest part of the Little Ice Age. This may be a causal connection; Inesol et al. (2011) Nature Geoscience 4, 753 tie variability in solar activity to terrestrial climate impacts in the form of warmer winters in some places and colder winters in others. See also Diodato and Bellocchi (2012) Holocene 22, 589.

单词	Maunder minimum
释义	Maunder minimum Astronomy The period from 1645 to 1715 when scarcely any sunspots or aurorae were seen. E. W. Maunder (and, before him, G. F. W. Spörer) concluded that there had been a real decline in solar activity then. Further evidence for the Maunder minimum is provided by an increased carbon-14 content in tree rings during that period, since the cosmic rays that produce carbon-14 reach the Earth in greater numbers when the Sun’s activity is low. There was also a lengthy cold spell on the Earth from 1550 to 1700, known as the Little Ice Age, which, roughly corresponds to a period including the Maunder minimum and the earlier Spörer minimum. This cold period could be explained by a decrease in solar output of about 1%. The existence of the minimum was confirmed in 1976 by the American solar physicist John Allen (‘Jack’) Eddy (1931–2009). A similar but less-pronounced dip around the year 1800 is known as the Dalton minimum. Geography Between 1645 and 1715, a period of reduced solar activity (sunspots) that coincided with the coldest part of the Little Ice Age. This may be a causal connection; Inesol et al. (2011) Nature Geoscience 4, 753 tie variability in solar activity to terrestrial climate impacts in the form of warmer winters in some places and colder winters in others. See also Diodato and Bellocchi (2012) Holocene 22, 589.
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