The branch of human enquiry involving the study of numbers, quantities, data, shape, and space and their relationships, especially their generalizations and abstractions and their application to situations in the real world. As a broad generalization pure mathematics is the study of the relationships between abstract quantities according to a well‐defined set of rules, and applied mathematics is the application and use of mathematical models in the real-world contexts. Pure mathematics includes algebra, analysis, calculus, geometry, number theory, topology, logic, set theory, etc. Applied mathematics includes numerical analysis, mechanics, mathematical biology, probability and statistics, networks, quantum theory, relativity, etc.