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单词 torsion balance
释义
torsion balance

Physics
  • An instrument for measuring very weak forces. It consists of a horizontal rod fixed to the end of a vertical wire or fibre or to the centre of a taut horizontal wire. The forces to be measured are applied to the end or ends of the rod. The turning of the rod may be measured by the displacement of a beam of light reflected from a plane mirror attached to it. The best-known form is that used by Henry Cavendish and later by Sir Charles Boys (1855–1944) to determine the gravitational constant; in this form the balance is calibrated by determining the torsional coefficient of the suspension by treating the device as a torsional pendulum.


Geology and Earth Sciences
  • A weighing instrument in which the required weight of a sample is set by rotating a lever to move a needle to the appropriate position on a graduated scale, and then the sample is added to the weighing pan, a little at a time, until it counterbalances the pre-set weight precisely and the needle is brought back to the ‘zero’ position. This is a useful and rapid technique when large numbers of routine weighings need to be performed in the range of 0.01–5.0 g.


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