The assembly summoned by Oliver Cromwell in July 1653, after he had dissolved the Rump Parliament. It consisted of 140 members chosen partly by the army leaders and partly by congregations of ‘godly men’. Known initially as the Parliament of Saints, it was later nicknamed after ‘Praise-God’ Barbon, or Barebones (c.1596–1679), one of its excessively pious leaders. Its attacks on the Court of Chancery and on the Church of England alarmed both Cromwell and its more moderate members. The dissolution of this Parliament was followed by the Instrument of Government and the proclamation of Cromwell as Lord Protector.