King of Scotland (1292–96). He was descended through his maternal grandmother from David I of Scotland and in 1291–92 his claim to the crown was upheld in a trial between him and Robert Bruce, Lord of Annandale. The trial was arranged by Edward I of England and less than a month after his coronation (30 November 1292) Balliol grudgingly did homage to Edward as his superior. In 1295 he attempted to ally with France, which resulted in an English invasion of Scotland. Balliol was forced to give up his kingdom to Edward and was taken as a captive to England, before retiring to his estates in France.