The final stage in the Early Permian epoch, preceded by the Artinskian, followed by the Roadian (Middle Permian), and dated at 275.6–270.6 Ma ago (Int. Commission on Stratigraphy, 2004). It is roughly contemporaneous with the Weissliegende (western Europe), upper Leonardian (N. America), and Tae Weian (New Zealand). Boundary and correlation uncertainties have led to some rocks being assigned to either the Artinskian or Ufimian stages.