“Kepler, Johannes (1571–1630)”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Kepler, Johannes (1571–1630)

Physics

who in 1594 became a mathematics teacher in Graz, where he learned of the work of Copernicus. In 1600 he went to work for Tycho Brahe in Prague. It was there that he worked out Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, for which he is best remembered.

Mathematics

best known for Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. He proposed the first two laws in 1609 after observations had convinced him that the orbit of Mars was an ellipse, and the third law followed ten years later.

Astronomy

In 1600 he became Tycho Brahe’s assistant in Prague where he undertook to complete the tables of planetary motion Tycho had begun. Kepler first calculated the orbit of Mars. He spent much time trying to reconcile Tycho’s accurate observations of the planet with a circular orbit, but concluded (in Astronomia nova, published in 1609) that Mars moved instead in an elliptical orbit. Thus he established the first of his laws of planetary motion (see kepler’s laws). Astronomia nova contained the rudiments of the second law; the third was first stated in Harmonice mundi (1619). All three laws stemmed from his idea that the Sun controlled the planets by magnetic force. Although erroneous, this is significant as an attempt to look for a physical cause for planetary motion. Kepler’s Rudolphine Tables (named after Tycho’s patron, the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph II) of planetary motion appeared in 1627 and were still in use in the eighteenth century. Kepler also wrote De stella nova, on the supernova of 1604 (Kepler’s Star), and Dioptrice (1611) on optics and the theory of the telescope.

Philosophy

The founder of modern astronomy, Kepler was born near Stuttgart. It was as an assistant to the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe (1546–1601) that he began his astronomical career, and from Tycho he derived his respect for minute and accurate observation. He said that it was the slight discrepancy between the actual position of Mars and its predicted position (eight minutes of arc) that pointed the road to a complete reformation of astronomy. Kepler himself harboured many Pythagorean, occult, and mystical beliefs, but his laws of planetary motion are the first mathematical, scientific, laws of astronomy of the modern era. They state
1. (i) that the planets travel in elliptical orbits, with one focus of the ellipse being the sun;
2. (ii) that the radius between sun and planet sweeps equal areas in equal times; and
3. (iii) that the squares of the periods of revolution of any two planets are in the same ratio as the cube of their mean distances from the sun.

单词	Kepler, Johannes (1571–1630)
释义	Kepler, Johannes (1571–1630) Physics who in 1594 became a mathematics teacher in Graz, where he learned of the work of Copernicus. In 1600 he went to work for Tycho Brahe in Prague. It was there that he worked out Kepler’s laws of planetary motion, for which he is best remembered. Mathematics best known for Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. He proposed the first two laws in 1609 after observations had convinced him that the orbit of Mars was an ellipse, and the third law followed ten years later. Astronomy In 1600 he became Tycho Brahe’s assistant in Prague where he undertook to complete the tables of planetary motion Tycho had begun. Kepler first calculated the orbit of Mars. He spent much time trying to reconcile Tycho’s accurate observations of the planet with a circular orbit, but concluded (in Astronomia nova, published in 1609) that Mars moved instead in an elliptical orbit. Thus he established the first of his laws of planetary motion (see kepler’s laws). Astronomia nova contained the rudiments of the second law; the third was first stated in Harmonice mundi (1619). All three laws stemmed from his idea that the Sun controlled the planets by magnetic force. Although erroneous, this is significant as an attempt to look for a physical cause for planetary motion. Kepler’s Rudolphine Tables (named after Tycho’s patron, the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph II) of planetary motion appeared in 1627 and were still in use in the eighteenth century. Kepler also wrote De stella nova, on the supernova of 1604 (Kepler’s Star), and Dioptrice (1611) on optics and the theory of the telescope. Philosophy The founder of modern astronomy, Kepler was born near Stuttgart. It was as an assistant to the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe (1546–1601) that he began his astronomical career, and from Tycho he derived his respect for minute and accurate observation. He said that it was the slight discrepancy between the actual position of Mars and its predicted position (eight minutes of arc) that pointed the road to a complete reformation of astronomy. Kepler himself harboured many Pythagorean, occult, and mystical beliefs, but his laws of planetary motion are the first mathematical, scientific, laws of astronomy of the modern era. They state (i) that the planets travel in elliptical orbits, with one focus of the ellipse being the sun; (ii) that the radius between sun and planet sweeps equal areas in equal times; and (iii) that the squares of the periods of revolution of any two planets are in the same ratio as the cube of their mean distances from the sun.
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