“Nicol prism”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

Nicol prism

Physics

A device for producing plane-polarized light (see polarizer). It consists of two pieces of calcite cut with a 68° angle and stuck together with Canada balsam. The extraordinary ray (see double refraction) passes through the prism while the ordinary ray suffers total internal reflection at the interface between the two crystals, as the refractive index of the calcite is 1.66 for the ordinary ray and that of the Canada balsam is 1.53. Modifications of the prism using different shapes and cements are used for special purposes. It was devised in 1828 by William Nicol (1768–1851).

Astronomy

A device for producing plane-polarized light. It consists of a rhombus-shaped prism of calcite crystal, cut diagonally and cemented together with Canada balsam, a resin with similar optical properties to glass. Calcite naturally splits light into two separate beams, polarized at right angles to each other. The layer of Canada balsam within the prism cuts out one beam through total internal reflection. The advantage of a Nicol prism over Polaroid material as a polarizer is that all wavelengths of light are polarized and transmitted equally. It was devised by the Scottish geologist and physicist William Nicol (1768–1851).

Chemistry

A device for producing plane-polarized light (see polarizer). It consists of two pieces of calcite cut with a 68° angle and stuck together with Canada balsam. The extraordinary ray (see double refraction) passes through the prism while the ordinary ray suffers total internal reflection at the interface between the two crystals, as the refractive index of the calcite is 1.66 for the ordinary ray and that of the Canada balsam is 1.53. Modifications of the prism using different shapes and cements are used for special purposes. It was devised in 1828 by William Nicol (1768–1851).

单词	Nicol prism
释义	Nicol prism Physics A device for producing plane-polarized light (see polarizer). It consists of two pieces of calcite cut with a 68° angle and stuck together with Canada balsam. The extraordinary ray (see double refraction) passes through the prism while the ordinary ray suffers total internal reflection at the interface between the two crystals, as the refractive index of the calcite is 1.66 for the ordinary ray and that of the Canada balsam is 1.53. Modifications of the prism using different shapes and cements are used for special purposes. It was devised in 1828 by William Nicol (1768–1851). Astronomy A device for producing plane-polarized light. It consists of a rhombus-shaped prism of calcite crystal, cut diagonally and cemented together with Canada balsam, a resin with similar optical properties to glass. Calcite naturally splits light into two separate beams, polarized at right angles to each other. The layer of Canada balsam within the prism cuts out one beam through total internal reflection. The advantage of a Nicol prism over Polaroid material as a polarizer is that all wavelengths of light are polarized and transmitted equally. It was devised by the Scottish geologist and physicist William Nicol (1768–1851). Chemistry A device for producing plane-polarized light (see polarizer). It consists of two pieces of calcite cut with a 68° angle and stuck together with Canada balsam. The extraordinary ray (see double refraction) passes through the prism while the ordinary ray suffers total internal reflection at the interface between the two crystals, as the refractive index of the calcite is 1.66 for the ordinary ray and that of the Canada balsam is 1.53. Modifications of the prism using different shapes and cements are used for special purposes. It was devised in 1828 by William Nicol (1768–1851).
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