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单词 substrate
释义
substrate
Physics

  • A solid onto which a layer of another material is applied and to which the second material adheres. Substrates are used very extensively in physics and chemistry. In electronics, the substrate is an insulator or semiconductor.

Chemistry

  • 1. The substance that is affected by the action of a catalyst; for example, the substance upon which an enzyme acts in a biochemical reaction.

    2. The substance on which some other substance is adsorbed or in which it is absorbed. Examples include the material to which a dye is attached, the porous solid absorbing a gas, and the matrix trapping isolated atoms, radicals, etc.

Chemical Engineering

  • 1. A substance upon which an enzyme acts. For example, starch is the substrate of the enzyme amylase that is hydrolyzed to maltose.

    2. The medium on which microorganisms grow in a bioreactor.

    3. The substance on which some other substance is absorbed or in which it is absorbed.

Electronics and Electrical Engineering

  • A single body of material on or in which circuit elements or integrated circuits are fabricated. The substrate may be passive, as with a printed circuit board, or active, as with a bulk semiconductor.

Biology

  • 1. (in biochemistry) The substance upon which an enzyme acts in biochemical reactions.

    2. (in biology) The material on which a sedentary organism (such as a barnacle or a plant) lives or grows. The substrate may provide nutrients for the organism or it may simply act as a support.

Philosophy

  • The dark side of substance. The thing that bears properties, as opposed to the properties themselves, but conceived as an indescribable ‘something we know not what’, since any characterization of it merely mentions one of the properties with which it has to be contrasted. Berkeley charges Locke, perhaps unfairly, with requiring that this idea be intelligible when, according to Berkeley, it is not.
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