A holy city to Jews, Christians, and Muslims. It was originally a Jebusite settlement, captured by David c.1000 bc. Solomon’s Temple, the central shrine of Judaism, destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar in 586 bc, was rebuilt in 516 bc and even more magnificently by Herod the Great. Jerusalem was razed by the Romans in 70 ad and the Temple destroyed: in 135 they built the city of Aelia Capitolina on its site. St Paul regarded it as the home of the original Christian congregation, headed until his death in 62 by James, the apostle of Jesus Christ. Constantine marked its significance by building the Church of the Holy Sepulchre (c.335) over the supposed tomb of Christ. Muslim rule from 637 was symbolized by the building of the Dome of the Rock, the city’s holiest Muslim Shrine, in 691. The Christian knights of the Crusades controlled the city from 1099 to 1187, when it fell to Saladin. The Ottoman Turks conquered Jerusalem in 1516 and Suleiman the Magnificent built the walls still enclosing the old city in 1538. During World War I the British took over Jerusalem (1917) and held it under the Palestine mandate from 1922 to 1948. When the State of Israel was declared in 1948, Jerusalem was divided between Israel and Jordan. Jerusalem was declared the capital of Israel in 1950, although this is not internationally recognized. During the Six-Day War in 1967, the Arab sector of Jerusalem was taken over by Israel, which has retained the entire city ever since, the status of occupied East Jerusalem remains a major issue in Israeli-Palestinian negotiations. The city’s unique historical importance to three religions has made it a constant focus of religious and ethnic unrest.