A war fought against the Dutch and their Javanese allies in central Java, led by Diponegoro. The uprising proved difficult to suppress until the adoption by the Dutch of a system of rural strong points (bèntèng) and the use of mobile columns. Deprived of peasant support, Diponegoro was forced to negotiate with the Dutch and, when he refused to renounce his claim to the title of sultan and the status of Protector of Religion (Panatagama) in Java, he was arrested and banished. Thus ended the last and most serious challenge to the extension of Dutch rule in Java.