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单词 Stern–Gerlach experiment
释义
Stern–Gerlach experiment

Physics
  • A classic experiment that demonstrated the quantum-mechanical nature of atomic magnetic moments. A beam of silver atoms entered a strong nonuniform magnetic field. Classical physics leads to the expectation that the beam should be broadened into a continuous band. However, in agreement with quantum mechanics, the beam was split into two separate beams. The experiment was performed in 1922 by the German physicists Otto Stern (1888–1969) and Walter Gerlach (1889–1979).


Chemistry
  • An experiment demonstrating the space quantization of rotating bodies, first conducted by the German scientists Otto Stern (1888–1969) and Walther Gerlach (1899–1979) in 1921–22. Their experiment involved passing a beam of silver atoms through an inhomogeneous magnetic field. The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the interaction between a charged rotating body and the field. A charged rotating body acts like a magnet. In classical mechanics the orientation of angular momentum can have any value so that the magnet associated with it can take any orientation. However, in quantum mechanics angular momentum is quantized, which means that the associated magnet can only lie in certain discrete orientations. As expected, sharp bands of atoms are observed, provided that the beam has low intensity. The low intensity reduces the blurring effects caused by collisions between atoms.


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