“sterilization”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

sterilization

Biology

1. The process of destroying microorganisms that contaminate food, wounds, surgical instruments, etc. Common methods of sterilization include heat treatment (see autoclave; pasteurization) and the use of disinfectants and antiseptics.
2. The operation of making an animal or human incapable of producing offspring. Men are usually sterilized by tying and then cutting the vas deferens (vasectomy); in women the operation often involves permanently blocking the fallopian tubes by means of clips (tubal occlusion). See also birth control.

Economics

The method by which a central bank prevents balance-of-payments surpluses or deficits from affecting the domestic money supply. If there is a surplus in the balance of payments on current and capital account combined, this leads to a rise in the foreign exchange reserves, and an increase in the money supply. If the central bank does not want the money supply to increase, it can prevent this by selling securities so as to sterilize the cash inflow. Similarly, if there is a deficit in the balance of payments on current and capital accounts combined, this leads to a loss of foreign exchange reserves and a shrinkage in the money supply. If the central bank does not want the money supply to fall, it can sterilize the cash outflow by buying securities. The central bank can choose to sterilize some proportion rather than the whole of the monetary effects of changes in foreign exchange reserves.

单词	sterilization
释义	sterilization Biology 1. The process of destroying microorganisms that contaminate food, wounds, surgical instruments, etc. Common methods of sterilization include heat treatment (see autoclave; pasteurization) and the use of disinfectants and antiseptics. 2. The operation of making an animal or human incapable of producing offspring. Men are usually sterilized by tying and then cutting the vas deferens (vasectomy); in women the operation often involves permanently blocking the fallopian tubes by means of clips (tubal occlusion). See also birth control. Economics The method by which a central bank prevents balance-of-payments surpluses or deficits from affecting the domestic money supply. If there is a surplus in the balance of payments on current and capital account combined, this leads to a rise in the foreign exchange reserves, and an increase in the money supply. If the central bank does not want the money supply to increase, it can prevent this by selling securities so as to sterilize the cash inflow. Similarly, if there is a deficit in the balance of payments on current and capital accounts combined, this leads to a loss of foreign exchange reserves and a shrinkage in the money supply. If the central bank does not want the money supply to fall, it can sterilize the cash outflow by buying securities. The central bank can choose to sterilize some proportion rather than the whole of the monetary effects of changes in foreign exchange reserves.
随便看	stabilization policy stabilizer stabilizing fin stabilizing selection stabilizing the variance stable circuit stable ecosystem stable equilibrium stable isotope stable-isotope studies stable numerical analysis stable oscillations stable population stable sorting algorithm stack stack algorithm stack architecture Stackelberg duopoly stack frame stacking stacking fault stacking velocity stack manipulation stack processing stade