The dynasty established by Cyrus II (the Great) in the 6th century bc and named after his ancestor Achaemenes. Cyrus’ predecessors ruled Parsumash, a vassal state of the Median empire, but he overthrew their king Astyages and incorporated the Medes within his Persian empire, which by his death in 530 bc extended from Asia Minor to the River Indus. His successor Cambyses II (529–521 bc) added Egypt. Darius I instituted a major reorganization of the administration and finances of the empire, establishing twenty provinces ruled by Satraps. Both he and Xerxes failed in their attempts to conquer Greece in the early 5th century. By the time Alexander III (the Great) invaded with his Macedonian army (334 bc) the empire was much weakened. Darius III, defeated at Issus and Gaugamela and killed by his own men in 330 bc, was the last Achaemenid king; the empire subsequently passed to Alexander and his successors. Achaemenid rule was tolerant of local customs, religions, and forms of government. The construction of a major road system, centred on Susa, facilitated trade and administration. The magnificent remains of Persepolis provide a glimpse of Achaemenid wealth and power.