“ionizing radiation”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

ionizing radiation

Physics

Radiation of sufficiently high energy to cause ionization in the medium through which it passes. It may consist of a stream of high-energy particles (e.g. electrons, protons, alpha-particles) or short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation (ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma-rays). This type of radiation can cause extensive damage to the molecular structure of a substance either as a result of the direct transfer of energy to its atoms or molecules or as a result of the secondary electrons released by ionization (see secondary emission). In biological tissue the effect of ionizing radiation can be very serious, usually as a consequence of the ejection of an electron from a water molecule and the oxidizing or reducing effects of the resulting highly reactive species:

$\begin{array}{l} 2 H_{2} O \to e^{-} + H_{2} O^{*} + H_{2} O^{+} \\ H_{2} O^{*} \to . OH + . H \\ H_{2} O^{+} + H_{2} O \to .OH + H_{3} O^{+} \end{array}$

where the dot before a radical indicates an unpaired electron and denotes an excited species.

Space Exploration

Radiation that removes electrons from atoms during its passage, thereby leaving ions in its path. Alpha and beta particles are far more ionizing in their effect than are neutrons or gamma radiation.

Chemistry

Radiation of sufficiently high energy to cause ionization in the medium through which it passes. It may consist of a stream of high-energy particles (e.g. electrons, protons, alpha-particles) or short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation (ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma-rays). This type of radiation can cause extensive damage to the molecular structure of a substance either as a result of the direct transfer of energy to its atoms or molecules or as a result of the secondary electrons released by ionization. In biological tissue the effect of ionizing radiation can be very serious, usually as a consequence of the ejection of an electron from a water molecule and the oxidizing or reducing effects of the resulting highly reactive species:
$\begin{array}{l} {2H}_{2} O \to e^{-} + H_{2} {O + H}_{2} O * \\ H_{2} O * \to .OH + . H \\ H_{2} O^{+} + H_{2} O \to {.OH + H}_{3} O^{+} \end{array}$
where the dot before a radical indicates an unpaired electron and an * denotes an excited species.

Chemical Engineering

Radiation that either directly or indirectly causes ionization. It includes alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron radiation.

Electronics and Electrical Engineering

Any radiation, such as streams of energetic charged particles (electrons, protons, alpha particles, etc.) or energetic ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, or gamma rays, that produces ionization or excitation of the medium through which it passes.

Biology

Radiation of sufficiently high energy to cause ionization in the medium through which it passes. It may consist of a stream of high-energy particles (e.g. electrons, protons, alpha-particles) or short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation (ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma-rays). This type of radiation can cause extensive damage to the molecular structure of a substance either as a result of the direct transfer of energy to its atoms or molecules or as a result of the secondary electrons released by ionization. In biological tissue the effect of ionizing radiation can be very serious, usually as a consequence of the ejection of an electron from a water molecule and the oxidizing or reducing effects of the resulting highly reactive species:
$2 H_{2} O \to e^{-} + H_{2} O^{*} + H_{2} O^{+} H_{2} O^{*} \to . OH + . H H_{2} O^{+} + H_{2} O \to . OH + H_{3} O^{+}$
where the dot before a radical indicates an unpaired electron and denotes an excited species. Organisms are constantly exposed to background radiation from naturally occurring radioactive elements in soil, water, and air, such as radon gas and cosmic rays. Human-derived sources include nuclear power stations and medical uses, such as X-ray sources in radiography. Radiation damage depends on the dose received.

单词	ionizing radiation
释义	ionizing radiation Physics Radiation of sufficiently high energy to cause ionization in the medium through which it passes. It may consist of a stream of high-energy particles (e.g. electrons, protons, alpha-particles) or short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation (ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma-rays). This type of radiation can cause extensive damage to the molecular structure of a substance either as a result of the direct transfer of energy to its atoms or molecules or as a result of the secondary electrons released by ionization (see secondary emission). In biological tissue the effect of ionizing radiation can be very serious, usually as a consequence of the ejection of an electron from a water molecule and the oxidizing or reducing effects of the resulting highly reactive species: $\begin{array}{l} 2 H_{2} O \to e^{-} + H_{2} O^{} + H_{2} O^{+} \\ H_{2} O^{} \to . OH + . H \\ H_{2} O^{+} + H_{2} O \to .OH + H_{3} O^{+} \end{array}$ where the dot before a radical indicates an unpaired electron and denotes an excited species. Space Exploration Radiation that removes electrons from atoms during its passage, thereby leaving ions in its path. Alpha and beta particles are far more ionizing in their effect than are neutrons or gamma radiation. Chemistry Radiation of sufficiently high energy to cause ionization in the medium through which it passes. It may consist of a stream of high-energy particles (e.g. electrons, protons, alpha-particles) or short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation (ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma-rays). This type of radiation can cause extensive damage to the molecular structure of a substance either as a result of the direct transfer of energy to its atoms or molecules or as a result of the secondary electrons released by ionization. In biological tissue the effect of ionizing radiation can be very serious, usually as a consequence of the ejection of an electron from a water molecule and the oxidizing or reducing effects of the resulting highly reactive species: $\begin{array}{l} {2H}_{2} O \to e^{-} + H_{2} {O + H}_{2} O * \\ H_{2} O * \to .OH + . H \\ H_{2} O^{+} + H_{2} O \to {.OH + H}_{3} O^{+} \end{array}$ where the dot before a radical indicates an unpaired electron and an * denotes an excited species. Chemical Engineering Radiation that either directly or indirectly causes ionization. It includes alpha, beta, gamma, and neutron radiation. Electronics and Electrical Engineering Any radiation, such as streams of energetic charged particles (electrons, protons, alpha particles, etc.) or energetic ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, or gamma rays, that produces ionization or excitation of the medium through which it passes. Biology Radiation of sufficiently high energy to cause ionization in the medium through which it passes. It may consist of a stream of high-energy particles (e.g. electrons, protons, alpha-particles) or short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation (ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma-rays). This type of radiation can cause extensive damage to the molecular structure of a substance either as a result of the direct transfer of energy to its atoms or molecules or as a result of the secondary electrons released by ionization. In biological tissue the effect of ionizing radiation can be very serious, usually as a consequence of the ejection of an electron from a water molecule and the oxidizing or reducing effects of the resulting highly reactive species: $2 H_{2} O \to e^{-} + H_{2} O^{} + H_{2} O^{+} H_{2} O^{} \to . OH + . H H_{2} O^{+} + H_{2} O \to . OH + H_{3} O^{+}$ where the dot before a radical indicates an unpaired electron and denotes an excited species. Organisms are constantly exposed to background radiation from naturally occurring radioactive elements in soil, water, and air, such as radon gas and cosmic rays. Human-derived sources include nuclear power stations and medical uses, such as X-ray sources in radiography. Radiation damage depends on the dose received.
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