To transform a random variable so that it has a mean of zero and variance of 1. If E(X) = μ‎ and Var(X) = σ‎² the standardized variable Z will have E(X) = 0 and Var(X) = 1. The most common application of this is in the normal distribution where probabilities for X ∼ N(μ‎, σ‎²) are evaluated using the N(0, 1) tables, applying the transformation