“spectrometer”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

spectrometer

Physics

Any of various instruments for producing a spectrum and measuring the wavelengths, energies, etc., involved. A simple type, for visible radiation, is a spectroscope equipped with a calibrated scale allowing wavelengths to be read off or calculated. In the X-ray to infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, the spectrum is produced by dispersing the radiation with a prism or diffraction grating (or crystal, in the case of hard X-rays). Some form of photoelectric detector is used, and the spectrum can be obtained as a graphical plot, which shows how the intensity of the radiation varies with wavelength. Such instruments are also called spectrophotometers. Spectrometers also exist for investigating the gamma-ray region and the microwave and radio-wave regions of the spectrum (see electron-spin resonance; nuclear magnetic resonance). Instruments for obtaining spectra of particle beams are also called spectrometers (see spectrum; photoelectron spectroscopy).

Astronomy

A spectrograph in which the output spectrum is scanned by a photoelectric photometer to produce a record of how the intensity of a spectrum varies with wavelength. A modern example is the radial velocity spectrometer, in which the positions of the spectral lines are measured to deduce the radial velocity of the star. Otherwise, spectrometers are now rarely used because CCD detectors can record large regions of a spectrum at once, and the device is then known as a spectrograph.

Space Exploration

In physics and astronomy, and instrument used to study the composition of light emitted by a source. The range, or spectrum, of wavelengths emitted by a source depends upon its constituent elements, and may be used to determine its chemical composition.
The simpler forms of spectrometer analyse only visible light. A collimator receives the incoming rays and produces a parallel beam, which is then split into a spectrum by either a diffraction grating or a prism mounted on a turntable. As the turntable is rotated each of the constituent colours of the beam may be seen through a telescope, and the angle at which each has been deviated may be measured on a circular scale. From this information the wavelengths of the colours of light can be calculated. Spectrometers are used in astronomy to study the electromagnetic radiation emitted by stars and other celestial bodies. The spectral information gained may be used to determine their chemical composition, or to measure the redshift of light associated with the expansion of the universe and thereby calculate the speed with which distant stars are moving away from the Earth.

Chemistry

Any of various instruments for producing a spectrum and measuring the wavelengths, energies, etc., involved. A simple type, for visible radiation, is a spectroscope equipped with a calibrated scale allowing wavelengths to be read off or calculated. In the X-ray to infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, the spectrum is produced by dispersing the radiation with a prism or diffraction grating (or crystal, in the case of hard X-rays). Some form of photoelectric detector is used, and the spectrum can be obtained as a graphical plot, which shows how the intensity of the radiation varies with wavelength. Such instruments are also called spectrophotometers. Spectrometers also exist for investigating the gamma-ray region and the microwave and radio-wave regions of the spectrum (see electron paramagnetic resonance; nuclear magnetic resonance). Instruments for obtaining spectra of particle beams are also called spectrometers (see spectrum; photoelectron spectroscopy).

Geology and Earth Sciences

An instrument which, with associated equipment, furnishes the ratio, or some function of a ratio, of the radiant power of two electromagnetic beams as a function of their spectral wavelength. It requires a source of radiation (in emission spectrometers the sample serves as its own source), a means of distinguishing between different radiation frequencies, and includes narrow band filters, a prism, a diffraction grating, a system of slits to isolate a narrow band of radiation, a sample-containing system, and a photodetector, amplifier, and output device (meter, recorder, VDU, etc.) See gamma-ray spectrometry; mass spectrometry.

单词	spectrometer
释义	spectrometer Physics Any of various instruments for producing a spectrum and measuring the wavelengths, energies, etc., involved. A simple type, for visible radiation, is a spectroscope equipped with a calibrated scale allowing wavelengths to be read off or calculated. In the X-ray to infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, the spectrum is produced by dispersing the radiation with a prism or diffraction grating (or crystal, in the case of hard X-rays). Some form of photoelectric detector is used, and the spectrum can be obtained as a graphical plot, which shows how the intensity of the radiation varies with wavelength. Such instruments are also called spectrophotometers. Spectrometers also exist for investigating the gamma-ray region and the microwave and radio-wave regions of the spectrum (see electron-spin resonance; nuclear magnetic resonance). Instruments for obtaining spectra of particle beams are also called spectrometers (see spectrum; photoelectron spectroscopy). Astronomy A spectrograph in which the output spectrum is scanned by a photoelectric photometer to produce a record of how the intensity of a spectrum varies with wavelength. A modern example is the radial velocity spectrometer, in which the positions of the spectral lines are measured to deduce the radial velocity of the star. Otherwise, spectrometers are now rarely used because CCD detectors can record large regions of a spectrum at once, and the device is then known as a spectrograph. Space Exploration In physics and astronomy, and instrument used to study the composition of light emitted by a source. The range, or spectrum, of wavelengths emitted by a source depends upon its constituent elements, and may be used to determine its chemical composition. The simpler forms of spectrometer analyse only visible light. A collimator receives the incoming rays and produces a parallel beam, which is then split into a spectrum by either a diffraction grating or a prism mounted on a turntable. As the turntable is rotated each of the constituent colours of the beam may be seen through a telescope, and the angle at which each has been deviated may be measured on a circular scale. From this information the wavelengths of the colours of light can be calculated. Spectrometers are used in astronomy to study the electromagnetic radiation emitted by stars and other celestial bodies. The spectral information gained may be used to determine their chemical composition, or to measure the redshift of light associated with the expansion of the universe and thereby calculate the speed with which distant stars are moving away from the Earth. Chemistry Any of various instruments for producing a spectrum and measuring the wavelengths, energies, etc., involved. A simple type, for visible radiation, is a spectroscope equipped with a calibrated scale allowing wavelengths to be read off or calculated. In the X-ray to infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, the spectrum is produced by dispersing the radiation with a prism or diffraction grating (or crystal, in the case of hard X-rays). Some form of photoelectric detector is used, and the spectrum can be obtained as a graphical plot, which shows how the intensity of the radiation varies with wavelength. Such instruments are also called spectrophotometers. Spectrometers also exist for investigating the gamma-ray region and the microwave and radio-wave regions of the spectrum (see electron paramagnetic resonance; nuclear magnetic resonance). Instruments for obtaining spectra of particle beams are also called spectrometers (see spectrum; photoelectron spectroscopy). Geology and Earth Sciences An instrument which, with associated equipment, furnishes the ratio, or some function of a ratio, of the radiant power of two electromagnetic beams as a function of their spectral wavelength. It requires a source of radiation (in emission spectrometers the sample serves as its own source), a means of distinguishing between different radiation frequencies, and includes narrow band filters, a prism, a diffraction grating, a system of slits to isolate a narrow band of radiation, a sample-containing system, and a photodetector, amplifier, and output device (meter, recorder, VDU, etc.) See gamma-ray spectrometry; mass spectrometry.
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