“solar energy”的概念、定义、翻译、参考文献-科学参考

solar energy

Physics

The electromagnetic energy radiated from the sun. The tiny proportion (about 5×10⁻¹⁰ of the total) that falls on the earth is indicated by the solar constant. The total quantity of solar energy falling on the earth in one year is about 4×10¹⁸ J, whereas the total annual energy consumption of the earth’s inhabitants is only some 3×10¹⁴ J. The sun, therefore, could provide all the energy needed. The direct ways of making use of solar energy can be divided into thermal methods (see solar heating) and nonthermal methods (see solar cell).

Geography

1 Of all the sunlight that passes through the atmosphere annually, only 51% is available at the Earth’s surface to do work. This energy is used to heat the Earth’s surface and lower atmosphere, melt and evaporate water, and run photosynthesis in plants. Of the other 49%, 4% is reflected back to space by the Earth’s surface, 26% is scattered or reflected to space by clouds and atmospheric particles, and 19% is absorbed by atmospheric gases and clouds. The geography of a place determines how much solar energy is absorbed by the earth, how much is stored and how readily it is released to the atmosphere; see R. Thomas and R. Huggett (1980) and Martin et al. (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 23 on the distribution of solar energy at the Earth’s surface.
2 Any energy source based directly on the sun’s radiation. See Zweibel et al. (2008) Scientific American for a wide-ranging review.

单词	solar energy
释义	solar energy Physics The electromagnetic energy radiated from the sun. The tiny proportion (about 5×10⁻¹⁰ of the total) that falls on the earth is indicated by the solar constant. The total quantity of solar energy falling on the earth in one year is about 4×10¹⁸ J, whereas the total annual energy consumption of the earth’s inhabitants is only some 3×10¹⁴ J. The sun, therefore, could provide all the energy needed. The direct ways of making use of solar energy can be divided into thermal methods (see solar heating) and nonthermal methods (see solar cell). Geography 1 Of all the sunlight that passes through the atmosphere annually, only 51% is available at the Earth’s surface to do work. This energy is used to heat the Earth’s surface and lower atmosphere, melt and evaporate water, and run photosynthesis in plants. Of the other 49%, 4% is reflected back to space by the Earth’s surface, 26% is scattered or reflected to space by clouds and atmospheric particles, and 19% is absorbed by atmospheric gases and clouds. The geography of a place determines how much solar energy is absorbed by the earth, how much is stored and how readily it is released to the atmosphere; see R. Thomas and R. Huggett (1980) and Martin et al. (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 23 on the distribution of solar energy at the Earth’s surface. 2 Any energy source based directly on the sun’s radiation. See Zweibel et al. (2008) Scientific American for a wide-ranging review.
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